I am the light of the world. He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life

 

 Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, "I am the light of the world.  He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life."  The Pharisees therefore said to Him, "You bear witness of Yourself; Your witness is not true."  Jesus answered and said to them, "Even if I bear witness of Myself, My witness is true, for I know where I came from and where I am going; but you do not know where I come from and where I am going.  You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one.  And yet if I do judge, My judgment is true; for I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent Me.  It is also written in your law that the testimony of two men is true.  I am One who bears witness of Myself, and the Father who sent Me bears witness of Me."  Then they said to Him, "Where is Your Father?"  Jesus answered, "You know neither Me nor My Father.  If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also."  These words Jesus spoke in the treasury, as He taught in the temple; and no one laid hands on Him, for His hour had not yet come.

 

- John 8:12–20 

 

 In our current readings, Jesus is attending the Feast of Tabernacles in Jerusalem, which commemorates the time that Israel wandered in the wilderness of Sinai, dwelling in tents or "tabernacles."  This is an eight day autumn harvest festival, and it is now the final year of Christ's earthly life. Yesterday we read that the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink.  He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water."  But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.  Therefore many from the crowd, when they heard this saying, said, "Truly this is the Prophet."  Others said, "This is the Christ."  But some said, "Will the Christ come out of Galilee?  Has not the Scripture said that the Christ comes from the seed of David and from the town of Bethlehem, where David was?"  So there was a division among the people because of Him.  Now some of them wanted to take Him, but no one laid hands on Him.  Then the officers came to the chief priests and Pharisees, who said to them, "Why have you not brought Him?"  The officers answered, "No man ever spoke like this Man!"  Then the Pharisees answered them, "Are you also deceived?  Have any of the rulers of the Pharisees believed in Him?  But this crowd that does not know the law is accursed."  Nicodemus (he who came to Jesus by night, being one of them) said to them, "Does our law judge a man before it hears him and knows what he is doing?"  They answered and said to him, "Are you also from Galilee?  Search and look, for no prophet has arisen out of Galilee."  

 

Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, "I am the light of the world.  He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life."   My study Bible observes that Jesus spoke these words in the context of the great lamps being lit at the conclusion of the Feast of Tabernacles.  These lamps (oil-fueled menorahs) towered over the city of Jerusalem, and when they were lit, they created such a blaze that it seemed the whole of Jerusalem was illumined in bright light.  Here, my study Bible says, Jesus declares Himself to be the fulfillment and the divine object of all celebrations of light.  In the Scriptures, it notes, God the Father is light (John 1:4-9; 1 John 1:5), an attributes bestowed by God on followers (Matthew 5:14; Philippians 2:15).  Jesus will confirm His claim by performing the great sign of opening the eyes of a man born blind, at the beginning of chapter 9 (John 9:1-7; see especially verse 5). 

 

The Pharisees therefore said to Him, "You bear witness of Yourself; Your witness is not true."  Jesus answered and said to them, "Even if I bear witness of Myself, My witness is true, for I know where I came from and where I am going; but you do not know where I come from and where I am going.  You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one.  And yet if I do judge, My judgment is true; for I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent Me.  It is also written in your law that the testimony of two men is true.  I am One who bears witness of Myself, and the Father who sent Me bears witness of Me."  Then they said to Him, "Where is Your Father?"  Jesus answered, "You know neither Me nor My Father.  If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also."  These words Jesus spoke in the treasury, as He taught in the temple; and no one laid hands on Him, for His hour had not yet come.  The Pharisees demand again witnesses, testimony as to who Jesus is, and where His authority comes from.  But Jesus has already offered four witnesses:  John the Baptist, the works that Jesus does, God the Father, and the Scriptures (see this reading).  Here He responds again, affirming that His witness is true, because He knows where He came from and where He is going, and they do not.  Once again, Jesus affirms an emphatic choice in judging with true judgment, as He relies on the Father who sent Him; and judges not according to the flesh, or to appearances (see yesterday's reading, above).  The two witnesses He names here in this passage, therefore, are Himself and the Father.  My study Bible comments that, as the Son and the Father share the same divine nature, one cannot be known apart from the other (see John 14:7-11).  

Between the readings from yesterday and today, beginning John's eighth chapter, there is a reading that is often skipped over as it has been by the lectionary today.  That is from John 7:53-8:11, and it is the story of the woman caught in adultery.  The reason this passage is frequently skipped over is that it's not found in several ancient manuscripts, and it's not covered in the commentaries of St. John Chrysostom and certain other patristic figures.  But it's still accepted in the Church as authentic, inspired, and canonical, and bearing the authority of all other Scripture.  I mention it today because Christ teaches in today's passage about judgment; that is, about judging good judgment, and that is relevant to the passage on the woman presented to Him in the temple as taken in adultery.  He refuses to condemn her, suggesting to the men who make the accusations that those without sin cast the first stone against her.  In today's lectionary reading, Jesus asserts His own relationship to the Father in repeated ways.  He says that He may bear witness to Himself because He is sent by the Father.  He has come from the Father in heaven, and those who demand witnesses and proof of His authority have not, and do not know where He comes from.  Moreover, it is because the Father is with Him, says Jesus, that He is able to make judgment that is true and good.  In earlier readings, Jesus has taught about judging with righteous judgment (John 5:30; 7:24).  Jesus says, "You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one.  And yet if I do judge, My judgment is true; for I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent Me."  So, in the context of the two passages, one might suggest that the case of the woman taken in adultery is an example of Christ's true judgment, and it is an example for us all to follow.  We might take this as if we should all use the same principles of judgment, but I for one would suggest that Christ offers us to follow Him in seeking a closer communion with the Father, in seeking the Father's will in all we do.  After all, Jesus is in the world, in effect, to "show us" the Father, whom we know through Christ (John 14:8-18).  Not only is He in the world so that we come to know God more truly, but He brings us closer to God through every sacrament initiated through His life (especially the Eucharist), and also because His Incarnation will facilitate the coming of the Holy Spirit.  Let us follow Christ's example of seeking that judgment that sees beyond appearances, that judges with righteous judgment, because we may draw closer to the Father in prayer and worship, seeking that which will help us to see beyond our own limitations, and to grow into the people God asks us to become.  If we but make the effort, the power to accept a maturity we don't yet know is a capacity God will help us to realize, and a path which is illumined by Christ's light.  Some might suggest this is the whole meaning of salvation, the true measure of Christ's Incarnation in the world for us.  Let us endeavor to let Him lead the way, especially in the practice of judgment.  For in this sense He is truly the light of the world, who illumines our way through the darkness.

 

 

No man ever spoke like this Man!

 

 On the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink.  He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water."  But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified. 

Therefore many from the crowd, when they heard this saying, said, "Truly this is the Prophet."  Others said, "This is the Christ."  But some said, "Will the Christ come out of Galilee?  Has not the Scripture said that the Christ comes from the seed of David and from the town of Bethlehem, where David was?"  So there was a division among the people because of Him.  Now some of them wanted to take Him, but no one laid hands on Him. 

Then the officers came to the chief priests and Pharisees, who said to them, "Why have you not brought Him?"  The officers answered, "No man ever spoke like this Man!"  Then the Pharisees answered them, "Are you also deceived?  Have any of the rulers of the Pharisees believed in Him?  But this crowd that does not know the law is accursed."  Nicodemus (he who came to Jesus by night, being one of them) said to them, "Does our law judge a man before it hears him and knows what he is doing?"  They answered and said to him, "Are you also from Galilee?  Search and look, for no prophet has arisen out of Galilee." 

 

- John 7:37-52 

 

 In our current reading, Jesus is in Jerusalem at the Feast of Tabernacles, an autumn harvest festival that commemorates the time Israel wandered in the wilderness of Sinai, dwelling in tents or "tabernacles."  Yesterdays we read that, about the middle of the feast, Jesus went up into the temple and taught.  And the Jews marveled, saying, "How does this Man know letters, having never studied?"  Jesus answered them and said, "My doctrine is not Mine, but His who sent Me.  If anyone wills to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority.  He who speaks from himself seeks his own glory; but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him.  Did not Moses give you the law, yet none of you keeps the law?  Why do you seek to kill Me?"  The people answered and said, "You have a demon.  Who is seeking to kill You?"  Jesus answered and said to them, "I did one work, and you all marvel.  Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath.  If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?  Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment."  Now some of them from Jerusalem said, "Is this not He whom they seek to kill?  But look!  He speaks boldly, and they say nothing to Him.  Do the rulers know indeed that this is truly the Christ?  However, we know where this Man is from; but when the Christ comes, no one knows where He is from."  Then Jesus cried out, as He taught in the temple, saying, "You both know Me, and you know where I am from; and I have not come of Myself, but He who sent Me is true, whom you do not know.  But I know Him, for I am from Him, and He sent Me."  Therefore they sought to take Him; but no one laid a hand on Him, because His hour had not yet come.  And many of the people believed in Him, and said, "When the Christ comes, will He do more signs than these which this Man has done?"  The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring these things concerning Him, and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take Him.  Then Jesus said to them, "I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who sent Me.  You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come." Then the Jews said among themselves, "Where does He intend to go that we shall not find Him?  Does He intend to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks and teach the Greeks?  What is this thing that He said, 'You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come'?"  

 

  On the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink.  He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water."  But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.  The last day, that great day of the feast was the eight day of the Feast of Tabernacles.  My study Bible notes that the ceremony of the drawing of water from the pool of Siloam (in remembrance of the water flowing from the rock that Moses struck) gives the context to Christ's words here, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink."  The living water is the gift of the Holy Spirit, and also the new life that accompanies this gift.

Therefore many from the crowd, when they heard this saying, said, "Truly this is the Prophet."  Others said, "This is the Christ."  But some said, "Will the Christ come out of Galilee?  Has not the Scripture said that the Christ comes from the seed of David and from the town of Bethlehem, where David was?"  So there was a division among the people because of Him.  Now some of them wanted to take Him, but no one laid hands on Him.   My study Bible says that the Prophet is a reference to the expected Messiah, the Savior whose coming was foretold by Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15-19).   Bethlehem was the town from which the Christ was expected to come (Micah 5:2).  

 

Then the officers came to the chief priests and Pharisees, who said to them, "Why have you not brought Him?"  The officers answered, "No man ever spoke like this Man!"  Then the Pharisees answered them, "Are you also deceived?  Have any of the rulers of the Pharisees believed in Him?  But this crowd that does not know the law is accursed."  My study Bible comments here that the chief priests had sent officers of the temple to arrest Jesus in the middle of the Feast (verse 32).  By the time the last day of the Feast had arrived, no arrest had been made.  These officers had been converted by Christ's teaching.  My study Bible says that, according to St. John Chrysostom, the Pharisees and scribes who had "witnessed the miracles and read the Scriptures derived no benefit" from either.  But these officers, on the other hand, although they could not claim any of this learning, were "captivated by a single sermon."  When the mind is open, "there is no need for long speeches.  Truth is like that."

Nicodemus (he who came to Jesus by night, being one of them) said to them, "Does our law judge a man before it hears him and knows what he is doing?"  They answered and said to him, "Are you also from Galilee?  Search and look, for no prophet has arisen out of Galilee."   We recall from chapter 3 that Nicodemus had spoken with Jesus (John 3:1-21) and he had increased in faith.  But his defense of Christ, according to my study Bible, is still based on our law and is not yet a public profession of faith (see John 19:38-39).  According to the law, Jesus must be given a hearing before He can be judged (Exodus 23:1; Deuteronomy 1:15-17).  When the Pharisees claim that no prophet has arisen out of Galilee they're showing what my study Bible calls their blind hatred and ignorance of the Scriptures.  The prophet Jonah came from Galilee, from a town called Gath Hepher, which was only three miles from Nazareth (2 Kings 14:25).

If we look carefully, we see that John's Gospel puts a great deal of emphasis on the signs of divinity in Christ.  Of course this is clear in the seven great "signs" of healing and other miracles in the Gospel.  But with the spirituality of this Gospel, this goes much further.  In chapter 6, Jesus' teachings which illumine the Eucharist come to the fore.  The sacramental eating of His body and blood becomes a point of great contention, losing Him disciples who no longer wish to follow Him, and giving consternation to the religious leaders.  But the quality of the spiritual reality that is conveyed through our conventional experience of life remains highly illumined in all kinds of ways in this particular Gospel, a characteristic we could perhaps call Johannine.  That is, the divinity of Christ which is imbued in all His earthly life shines through.  One example in today's reading comes in the form of the response by the temple police who are called to arrest Jesus.  In Tuesday's reading, Jesus teaches, "It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing.  The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life."  In the same reading, after other disciples leave, and Jesus turns to the twelve, St. Peter tells Him, "Lord, to whom shall we go?  You have the words of eternal life."  These words are paired with St. Peter's confession of faith, made on behalf of the twelve, that Jesus is "the Christ, the Son of the living God."  In today's reading, the temple police who have failed to arrest Jesus can offer no other explanation for this failure than their statement, "No man ever spoke like this Man!"  This is a declaration that we can imagine is spluttered out into the faces of the furious chief priests and Pharisees, and seems to indicate the effects of Christ's words on the officers as something akin to being walloped on the side of the head.  John's Gospel begins by teaching us that Jesus is the Light (John 1:4-9).   But when these officers are gobsmacked by Christ's words, we could say it is as if they are struck by lightning, by Christ's words which are effectively filled with a dazzling light, as at the Transfiguration (Matthew 17:1-8).   As He said in the previous chapter, the Spirit gives life, and His words are spirit and they are life.  The living water of which Jesus speaks in today's reading is filled with the same grace; it is the grace of the Holy Spirit.  It is the light of the Spirit that permeates John's Gospel, and flashes forth in Christ's words, so that even today the Holy Bible remains the best selling book of all time, with billions of copies circulating today in the world (between 5 and 7 billion, according to this article).  In the effect of Christ's words on these officers, we observe how this dazzling light of Christ's truth works:  some it strikes with a blinding light so that they can think of nothing else, but some it strikes where darkness is preferred and so hostility to kill that light results.  Let us consider His light, and the rivers of living water He offers to us.  Which would you prefer?  The officers tell the chief priests and the Pharisees, "No man ever spoke like this Man!"  For billions of people around the world, even today, that remains ever so.

Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment

 

 Now about the middle of the feast Jesus went up into the temple and taught.  And the Jews marveled, saying, "How does this Man know letters, having never studied?"  Jesus answered them and said, "My doctrine is not Mine, but His who sent Me.  If anyone wills to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority.  He who speaks from himself seeks his own glory; but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him.  Did not Moses give you the law, yet none of you keeps the law?  Why do you seek to kill Me?"  The people answered and said, "You have a demon.  Who is seeking to kill You?"  Jesus answered and said to them, "I did one work, and you all marvel.  Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath.  If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?  Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment."  

Now some of them from Jerusalem said, "Is this not He whom they seek to kill?  But look!  He speaks boldly, and they say nothing to Him.  Do the rulers know indeed that this is truly the Christ?  However, we know where this Man is from; but when the Christ comes, no one knows where He is from."  Then Jesus cried out, as He taught in the temple, saying, "You both know Me, and you know where I am from; and I have not come of Myself, but He who sent Me is true, whom you do not know.  But I know Him, for I am from Him, and He sent Me."  Therefore they sought to take Him; but no one laid a hand on Him, because His hour had not yet come.  And many of the people believed in Him, and said, "When the Christ comes, will He do more signs than these which this Man has done?"

The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring these things concerning Him, and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take Him.  Then Jesus said to them, "I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who sent Me.  You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come."  

Then the Jews said among themselves, "Where does He intend to go that we shall not find Him?  Does He intend to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks and teach the Greeks?  What is this thing that He said, 'You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come'?" 

 

- John 7:14–36 

 

Yesterday we read that, after His eucharistic teachings on eating His Body and Blood (see John 6, or the blog posts immediately previous to this one), Jesus walked in Galilee; for He did not want to walk in Judea, because the Jews sought to kill Him.  Now the Jews' Feast of Tabernacles was at hand.  His brothers therefore said to Him, "Depart from here and go into Judea, that Your disciples also may see the works that You are doing.  For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly.  If You do these things, show Yourself to the world."  For even His brothers did not believe in Him.  Then Jesus said to them, "My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready.  The world cannot hate you, but it hates Me because I testify of it that its works are evil.  You go up to this feast, for My time has not yet fully come."  When He had said these things to them, He remained in Galilee.  But when His brothers had gone up, then He also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.  Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, "Where is He?"  And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him.  Some said, "He is good"; others said, "No, on the contrary, He deceives the people."  However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews. 

 

  Now about the middle of the feast Jesus went up into the temple and taught.  And the Jews marveled, saying, "How does this Man know letters, having never studied?"  Jesus answered them and said, "My doctrine is not Mine, but His who sent Me.  If anyone wills to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority.  He who speaks from himself seeks his own glory; but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him.  Did not Moses give you the law, yet none of you keeps the law?  Why do you seek to kill Me?"  The people answered and said, "You have a demon.  Who is seeking to kill You?"  Jesus answered and said to them, "I did one work, and you all marvel.  Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath.  If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?  Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment."   We recall that Jesus is at the Feast of Tabernacles, during the final year of His earthly life.  This is an eight-day autumn harvest festival, commemorating the time Israel wandered in the wilderness of Sinai, living in tents (or tabernacles).  My study Bible comments on this passage that the simple desire to know and follow God's will is the key to understanding it.  Spiritual blindness, it says, comes from an unwillingness to know God or to recognize God's authority.   It cites St. John Chrysostom, who paraphrases Christ as saying,  "Rid yourselves of wickedness:  the anger, the envy, and the hatred which have arisen in your hearts, without provocation, against Me.  Then you will have no difficulty in realizing that My words are actually those of God.  As it is, these passions darken your understanding and distort sound judgment.  If you remove these passions, you will no longer be afflicted this way."  Jesus refers to making a man completely well on the Sabbath:  This refers to events in Jerusalem at a previous feast, the Old Testament Pentecost, known also as the Feast of Weeks (see this reading).  As we frequently note, in John's Gospel, here the phrase the Jews refers to the religious leadership, not the people.

 

 Now some of them from Jerusalem said, "Is this not He whom they seek to kill?  But look!  He speaks boldly, and they say nothing to Him.  Do the rulers know indeed that this is truly the Christ?  However, we know where this Man is from; but when the Christ comes, no one knows where He is from."  Then Jesus cried out, as He taught in the temple, saying, "You both know Me, and you know where I am from; and I have not come of Myself, but He who sent Me is true, whom you do not know.  But I know Him, for I am from Him, and He sent Me."  Therefore they sought to take Him; but no one laid a hand on Him, because His hour had not yet come.  And many of the people believed in Him, and said, "When the Christ comes, will He do more signs than these which this Man has done?"   Some of the people from Jerusalem say, "We know where this Man is from."  My study Bible remarks that these crowds are mistaken, both in an earthly sense and also a divine sense.  Humanly speaking, they know Jesus as being from Nazareth in Galilee.  But they're not aware that He was actually born in Bethlehem (verse 42; see Luke 2:1-7).  Moreover, they can't understand that He's come from the Father in Heaven; He is eternally begotten before all ages, and thus His divine "origin" remains unknown to them also.  His hour refers to the time of His suffering and death.  Christ is the Lord over time, my study Bible says, which is an authority which is possessed by God alone.  He will go to the Cross of His own free will, and in His time, not according to the plots of human beings (see John 8:20; 10:39). 

The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring these things concerning Him, and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take Him.  Then Jesus said to them, "I shall be with you a little while longer, and then I go to Him who sent Me.  You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come."   My study Bible says that Christ's statement here refers to His death, Resurrection, and Ascension into heaven. 

Then the Jews said among themselves, "Where does He intend to go that we shall not find Him?  Does He intend to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks and teach the Greeks?  What is this thing that He said, 'You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come'?"  The Dispersion is literally in Greek the Diaspora; that is, the Jewish communities outside of Israel.  To go among the Greeks means to go among the Gentiles; that is, the Greek speakers, as Greek was the international language of Christ's time.  But this is an unwitting prophesy.  It points to the time after Christ's Ascension, when His name will be preached among the Gentiles by the apostles; and the Gospels and Epistles and the Revelation of the New Testament will be written in the Greek language, for all the world.  

We can see the confusion in Jerusalem.  John's Gospel almost has the structure of an ancient play at this juncture, with the people acting as a chorus, voicing the varied opinions and responses to Jesus and His preaching and teaching.  Today's passage begins with the consternation and perplexity in the people, who can't understand where Christ gets His wisdom, having never studied.  Jesus begins, in today's passage, by reiterating His identity which is inseparable from the Father who sent Him, and He also claims His true authority comes only from the Father.  But then He speaks what He knows, that there are those who wish to kill Him, because He made a man well on the Sabbath.  The people respond that He has a demon.  Jesus says, "If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?  Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment."  When He asserts again that He has come from the Father, there are those who wish to kill Him -- but this time there are others of the crowd in Jerusalem who wonder if He could be the Messiah, who believe. They ask, "When the Christ comes, will He do more signs than these which this Man has done?"  Jesus adds yet more information about Himself, alluding to His Crucifixion, death, and Resurrection to come.  These all come as cryptic statements to the religious leaders, who can understand nothing about His words.  But their response becomes an inadvertent prophesy, that He will "go among the Greeks," among the Gentiles, as will the disciples bearing His word and gospel.  We have a picture, at this juncture of Christ's ministry, of a world that is stirring and being stirred by Him.  His truth is the sword that pierces through everything.  In St. Matthew's Gospel, Jesus says, "Do not think that I came to bring peace on earth. I did not come to bring peace but a sword."  He goes on, quoting from the prophesy of Micah, "For I have come to 'set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law'; and 'a man’s enemies will be those of his own household.'  He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me. And he who loves son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me. And he who does not take his cross and follow after Me is not worthy of Me. He who finds his life will lose it, and he who loses his life for My sake will find it." (See Matthew 10:34-39; Micah 7:6).  In today's reading, the public forms a backdrop, like the Greek chorus of the ancient plays, so that we get all of the voices being stirred up by Christ, and a sense of the confusion around His Person and His preaching.  For when the truth appears to us and makes its mark, perhaps we should take this scene to heart and bear a philosophical perspective in accordance with it:  that truth has an impact depending upon where it strikes, and the ground it hits upon.  Just like the parable of the Sower which tells us of the seeds that illustrate the word of Christ, we should not be surprised when there is division, and even confusion, but rather see it as a time to hold fast to what we know, and to take root in our faith.  Jesus will tell us repeatedly that, especially when He is gone and we await His return, we are to "watch and pray," and Saints Peter and Paul also repeat these thoughts in their Epistles (see Matthew 26:41; Mark 13:33; Mark 14:38; Luke 21:36; Ephesians 6:18; 1 Peter 4:7).   This is especially true in times of uncertainty and confusion, and remains so today.   Contrary to many modern assumptions about truth-telling and the impact of reason, or assertions that there's always one right answer, perhaps the Gospels give us the assurance that confusion -- amidst a chorus of voices -- is something we should expect as the product of a world which both needs, and rejects, the truth.  Perhaps we're rather taught the humility to expect that, as human beings, we don't always have all the answers.   In such times, we take root in our faith, in what we've been taught, to watch and pray, to seek God's will as He says in today's reading, and God's glory.   For we are commanded, "Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment."    In a world that always seems to be in a rush, let us take the time to find His way and His answers.  To watch and pray is sometimes the only way we can do that when things remain unclear, the best way to find righteous judgment.    For now let us watch the unfolding of the story of the Gospel.  

If You do these things, show Yourself to the world

 

 After these things Jesus walked in Galilee; for He did not want to walk in Judea, because the Jews sought to kill Him.  Now the Jews' Feast of Tabernacles was at hand.  His brothers therefore said to Him, "Depart from here and go into Judea, that Your disciples also may see the works that You are doing.  For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly.  If You do these things, show Yourself to the world."  For even His brothers did not believe in Him.  Then Jesus said to them, "My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready.  The world cannot hate you, but it hates Me because I testify of it that its works are evil.  You go up to this feast, for My time has not yet fully come."  When He had said these things to them, He remained in Galilee.

But when His brothers had gone up, then He also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.  Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, "Where is He?"  And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him.  Some said, "He is good"; others said, "No, on the contrary, He deceives the people."  However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews.

 

- John 7:1–13 

 

Yesterday we read that, following Christ's eucharistic teaching on the eating of His Body and Blood, many of His disciples, when they heard this, said, "This is a hard saying; who can understand it?"  When Jesus knew in Himself that His disciples complained about this, He said to them, "Does this offend you?  What then if you should see the Son of Man ascend where He was before?  It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing.  The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life.  But there are some of you who do not believe."  For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were who did not believe, and who would betray Him.  And He said, "Therefore I have said to you that no one can come to Me unless it has been granted to him by My Father."  From that time many of His disciples went back and walked with Him no more.  Then Jesus said to the twelve, "Do you also want to go away?"  But Simon Peter answered Him, "Lord, to whom shall we go?  You have the words of eternal life.  Also we have come to believe and know that You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."  Jesus answered them, "Did I not choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?"  He spoke of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, for it was he who would betray Him, being one of the twelve.

 

  After these things Jesus walked in Galilee; for He did not want to walk in Judea, because the Jews sought to kill Him.  Now the Jews' Feast of Tabernacles was at hand.  Today's reading begins an entire section, spanning approximately three chapters (John 7:1-10:21), which tells of Christ's visit to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles, over a period of eight days.  This festival comes during the final year of Christ's earthly life.  During this time in Jerusalem, He taught in the temple and attracted a great deal of public attention.  My study Bible comments that some thought Him mad (John 7:20); others believed He was the Messiah (verses 31, 40); and still others (such as the Sadducees and the Pharisees) considered Him to be a threat (verses 32, 45-52).  The Jews who sought to kill Him are the religious leaders, and not the people in general.  We recall that the term "the Jews" as used in John's Gospel most often refers to the religious leaders; virtually all the people in the events spoken of in this section are Jews, including Jesus and the author of this Gospel.  The Feast of Tabernacles (Hebrew Sukkot) is an eight-day autumn harvest festival, which commemorates the time when Israel was wandering in the wilderness of Sinai, and the people lived in tents, or "tabernacles."  Together with Passover and the Old Testament Pentecost (or the Feast of Weeks; see this reading), this was one of the three most important festivals of the ancient Jews.  My study Bible explains that it included many sacrifices and celebrations (Leviticus 23:33-43).  In later times, it says, the final day of the feast included drawing water from the pool of Siloam to be mixed with wine and poured at the foot of the altar.  This was used both as a purification and in remembrance of the water flowing from the rock struck by Moses (Exodus 17:1-7).  It also included the lighting of the great lamps in the outer court of the temple (see 2 Maccabees 10:5-9).  Each of these events as backdrop for the actions and teachings of Christ at this festival will play an important role in understanding His ministry.

His brothers therefore said to Him, "Depart from here and go into Judea, that Your disciples also may see the works that You are doing.  For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly.  If You do these things, show Yourself to the world."  For even His brothers did not believe in Him.  Then Jesus said to them, "My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready.  The world cannot hate you, but it hates Me because I testify of it that its works are evil.  You go up to this feast, for My time has not yet fully come."  When He had said these things to them, He remained in Galilee.   Christ's brothers are not children of Mary, the mother of Christ.  In Jewish usage (and even today across the Middle East), the term "brother" may be used to indicate a variety of relations.  In the Old Testament Scriptures, Abram called his nephew Lot "brother" (Genesis 14:14); Boaz spoke of his cousin Elimelech as his "brother" (Ruth 4:3); and Joab called his cousin Amasa "brother" (2 Samuel 20:9).  The English word "brethren" still retains this sense of belonging to the same family or clan.  My study Bible explains that Christ Himself had no blood brothers; Mary had only one Son, Jesus.  The brothers spoken of here are either stepbrothers (that is, sons of Joseph by a previous marriage), or they are cousins.  When Christ commits His mother to the care of the disciple John at the Cross (John 19:25-27), we should understand that such an act would have been unthinkable if Mary had other children to care for her.  

But when His brothers had gone up, then He also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.  Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, "Where is He?"  And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him.  Some said, "He is good"; others said, "No, on the contrary, He deceives the people."  However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews.  My study Bible explains that not openly means not with a grand, public entrance, such as on Palm Sunday (John 12:12-16).  

John's Gospel begins to show us the disturbing signs of opposition to Christ's ministry.  And it is clearly notable that, while Christ proclaims He is sent from the Father, and that it is the Father who draws people to Him (indicating this is clearly the will of the Father), there is nonetheless a menacing opposition to what He is doing.  So threatening it is that He has declared (in yesterday's reading, above) that one of the twelve whom He has chosen, "is a devil," speaking of Judas Iscariot, who will eventually betray Him.  Jesus has also begun His final year of earthly life, which we understand because John's Gospel names the festivals at which He goes and participates in Jerusalem.  As we begin today's chapter (the beginning of a section spanning the next three chapters and events at the Feast of Tabernacles), we are given to understand that Jesus is already knowingly facing great opposition from the religious leaders in Jerusalem, who now in fact seek to kill Him.  It's an ominous beginning for this new chapter, and this final year of Christ's life.  His own brothers (His kinfolk, or extended family) also oppose Him to some extent; even they don't believe His message nor the claims of His identity.  In fact, they challenge Him to "show Himself," telling Him, "Depart from here and go into Judea, that Your disciples also may see the works that You are doing.  For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly.  If You do these things, show Yourself to the world."  This taunting challenge is, effectively a death sentence which sooner or later will manifest, given the hostility He faces in Jerusalem.  While Jesus declines to openly take up their challenge, He will, of course, face what is coming nonetheless, and go to the festival without fanfare.  Of course, nothing Jesus does can possibly go unnoticed, and everything He does only contributes to the controversies surrounding Him.  What He does is too great to be hidden.  Let us, for now, understand the deadly serious challenge He faces from men who, for the sake of their own power, will contrive to get rid of Him whatever way they can, the mocking of His own extended family, and the deep betrayal that is coming from within.  For all of these challenges face the human Jesus, who nonetheless will follow where His divine Father leads.  While He is both fully human and fully divine, we nonetheless must at the very least admire His courage, and be ever grateful for His love.  For He goes, not for Himself, but for us.

 

Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life

 

 Therefore many of His disciples, when they heard this, said, "This is a hard saying; who can understand it?"  When Jesus knew in Himself that His disciples complained about this, He said to them, "Does this offend you?  What then if you should see the Son of Man ascend where He was before?  It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing.  The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life.  But there are some of you who do not believe."  For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were who did not believe, and who would betray Him.  And He said, "Therefore I have said to you that no one can come to Me unless it has been granted to him by My Father."  From that time many of His disciples went back and walked with Him no more.  Then Jesus said to the twelve, "Do you also want to go away?"  But Simon Peter answered Him, "Lord, to whom shall we go?  You have the words of eternal life.  Also we have come to believe and know that You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."  Jesus answered them, "Did I not choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?"  He spoke of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, for it was he who would betray Him, being one of the twelve.

 

- John 6:60–71 

 

Yesterday we read that the religious leaders in the synagogue at Capernaum quarreled among themselves because of Christ's teaching regarding His flesh as the bread of life, saying, "How can this Man give us His flesh to eat?"  Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in you.  Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.  For My flesh is food indeed, and My blood is drink indeed.  He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him.  As the living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father, so he who feeds on Me will live because of Me.  This is the bread which came down from heaven -- not as your fathers ate the manna, and are dead.  He who eats this bread will live forever."  These things He said in the synagogue as He taught in Capernaum.   

 Therefore many of His disciples, when they heard this, said, "This is a hard saying; who can understand it?"  When Jesus knew in Himself that His disciples complained about this, He said to them, "Does this offend you?  What then if you should see the Son of Man ascend where He was before?  It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing.  The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life.  But there are some of you who do not believe."  For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were who did not believe, and who would betray Him.  And He said, "Therefore I have said to you that no one can come to Me unless it has been granted to him by My Father."  From that time many of His disciples went back and walked with Him no more.  Then Jesus said to the twelve, "Do you also want to go away?"  My study Bible comments that even His disciples took Christ's teaching on His Body and Blood as a hard saying, and many consequently walked with Him no more.  There are still those who reject Christ's words regarding the sacramental eating of His Body and drinking of His Blood, and so do not "walk" in this teaching.  My study Bible continues, saying that because of the difficulty of grasping the depth of this Mystery, many try to define its nature rationally, or else to explain away the words of Jesus completely, giving them a solely metaphorical meaning.  But, it says, either extreme is in fact dubious.  If we reject this sacramental teaching then we reject the witness of the Scriptures and the unanimous teaching of the Church throughout history. 

But Simon Peter answered Him, "Lord, to whom shall we go?  You have the words of eternal life.  Also we have come to believe and know that You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."  Jesus answered them, "Did I not choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?"  He spoke of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, for it was he who would betray Him, being one of the twelve.  Here we witness Simon Peter's confession of faith in the Gospel of John, that Jesus is "the Christ, the Son of the living God."  My study Bible comments that Peter's understanding of the identity of Jesus defines Christianity.  This comprehension prevents Christianity from being seen as simply another philosophical system or path of spirituality, because it names Christ as the one and only Son of the living God.  Hence it excludes all compromise with other religious systems.  He Himself is the Savior.  Once again, John's Gospel emphasizes Jesus' capacity to know people, as part of the divine wisdom present in Him, when He speaks of the future betrayal by Judas Iscariot.

In today's reading, my study Bible comments on the understanding of the sacrament of Christ's body and blood in the Eucharist.  What we might call "sacramental thinking" permeates the Church, and has done so from the earliest times of Christianity.  In a first century teaching manuscript called Didache (meaning in Greek, the Teaching) we may read the celebration of the Liturgy referred to as "the Eucharist," and so indicating its centrality to faith and worship.  In yesterday's reading and commentary, I quoted from this article by Fr. Stephen Freeman, a priest in the Orthodox Church of America, regarding the nature of sacraments.  Fr. Stephen wrote of the sacraments of the Church, including the Eucharist, "In each of these we observe that God has taken up an ordinary action and made it a means of grace. The sacraments of the Church are each, in their own way, given to us as a means of communion with God."  This notion of communion with God is so important that our Gospels are permeated with it.  Christ chooses disciples who will live with Him, observing all things He does, learning from Him through a shared communion and participation in His ministry.  It is a Person-to-person communion, if you will, comprising both individuals and the community of disciples as a whole.  In St. Paul's writing, this communion extends beyond this world, to the "great cloud of witnesses" (Hebrews 12:1), consisting of the faithful who have passed and also the angels of God.  Fr. Freeman elaborates that grace itself, in the Orthodox understanding, is the "energies of God."  That is, God in God's action of mercy, reaching toward us, and active in our world, thus present to us in a way that we might receive even though we cannot grasp God in God's fullness of being.  So, this notion of sacrament that Christ gives us in communion, that is made possible through His sacrifice on the Cross (His suffering, death, and Resurrection) is something we must accept as an action of God given to us for the deeper communion that saves, that gives us the saving faith that makes life with God, in this "everlasting" sense of life, possible for human beings.  Ultimately, as Fr. Freeman, explains, grace is love, God in action seeking to bring us closer and deeper, even in the sense of the life of the Kingdom, and its eternal or everlasting reality.  Therefore the notion of sacramental thinking -- of that through which, though consisting of "earthly" matter, is imbued with something greater than itself, made possible through the divine grace and action of God, so that we may partake of it, participate in this life, experience it.  In the Gospel according to St. Matthew, when Peter makes His confession of faith that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God, Jesus tells Him, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven" (Matthew 16:17), and this revelation of faith, through God the Father, becomes another example of grace made possible for us, which Jesus has referred to in our present chapter of John by quoting from Isaiah:  "And they shall all be taught by God"  (see Saturday's reading).  In today's reading, Jesus reiterates a similar thought, "Therefore I have said to you that no one can come to Me unless it has been granted to him by My Father."  If we fail to grasp that God can be active in the world, even working in and dwelling within and among us, then we fail to grasp our faith, so central is this understanding to Christianity and the teachings of Christ.  Even in the Incarnation itself, it is grace, God's love, reaching to us for deeper communion.  In the Eucharist, the material things of earthly life become instruments of that grace, giving us a depth of communion conferred by God, for this is how holiness works.  In this sense, the world can become a sacrament, as Fr. Freeman writes.  Works done in the name of faith or devotion, a garden dedicated to the glory of God, an act of beauty -- to see the work of God in the beauty of the world, in a life lived righteously in relation to any or all of it, is to come to a deeper sense of faith and God's love.  In today's reading, Jesus teaches about the power of Spirit to confer life, that even His spoken word has this same quality of the living reality of Spirit, of sacrament and grace:  "It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing.  The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life."  St. Peter, through his faith, understands this, saying, "Lord, to whom shall we go?  You have the words of eternal life."  A world with the kingdom of God stripped away from its meanings and lived experience bears no relation to the sacramental picture of life Christ offers us, in which God participates with us and within us, drawing us into deeper communion.  Let us recover who we are in this sense, and where it places us in the grand scheme of creation, for in the story of Jesus, God has come to search for us, to save us and take us back to our true "home" and the fullness of true life, as only God could offer us -- even today, in the here and the now of our world.  Let us be thankful!

For My flesh is food indeed, and My blood is drink indeed. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him

 

 The Jews therefore quarreled among themselves, saying, "How can this Man give us His flesh to eat?"  Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in you.  Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.  For My flesh is food indeed, and My blood is drink indeed.  He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him.  As the living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father, so he who feeds on Me will live because of Me.  This is the bread which came down from heaven -- not as your fathers ate the manna, and are dead.  He who eats this bread will live forever."  These things He said in the synagogue as He taught in Capernaum. 

 

- John 6:52–59 

 

On Saturday, we read that the religious leaders in Capernaum then complained about Jesus, because He said, "I am the bread which came down from heaven."  And they said, "Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know?  How is it then that He says, 'I have come down from heaven'?"  Jesus therefore answered and said to them, "Do not murmur among yourselves.  No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day.  It is written in the prophets, 'And they shall all be taught by God.'  Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me.  Not that anyone has seen the Father, except He who is from God; He has seen the Father.  Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me has everlasting life.  I am the bread of life.  Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and are dead.  This is the bread which comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die.  I am the living bread which came down from heaven.  If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world."

 

 The Jews therefore quarreled among themselves, saying, "How can this Man give us His flesh to eat?"  Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in you.  Whoever eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.  For My flesh is food indeed, and My blood is drink indeed.  He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him.  As the living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father, so he who feeds on Me will live because of Me.  This is the bread which came down from heaven -- not as your fathers ate the manna, and are dead.  He who eats this bread will live forever."  These things He said in the synagogue as He taught in Capernaum.  Here, Jesus' words continue to convey the eucharistic understanding of the bread which came down from heaven.  The hearers of this Gospel, written near the end of the first century, would already be familiar with the Eucharist, and so understand the meaning.  My study Bible comments that Christ was crucified in the flesh and His blood was shed on the Cross, and on the third day He was raised in a glorified state.  It notes that we receive the grace of Christ's sacrificial offering by coming to Him in faith (verse 35) and by receiving Holy Communion in faith.  In Communion, in the tradition from the beginning of the Church, we truly eat His flesh and drink His blood, and this grants to the faithful eternal life (verse 54), with Christ abiding in us and us in Him (verse 56).  My study Bible quotes St. Hilary of Poitiers:  "There is no room left for any doubt about the reality of His flesh and blood, because we have both the witness of His words and our own faith.  Thus when we eat and drink these elements, we are in Christ and Christ is in us." 

 

 In the Orthodox Church, the presence of Christ's body and blood is considered to be in the Eucharist.  While there are varieties of understanding of this presence among many denominations of the Church, for most Christ is considered to be truly present in some sense, although the theological language varies.  As my study Bible notes, Christ's sacrificial offering -- a once and for all time sacrifice, partaken and shared among the faithful -- makes it possible for us, also, to be raised up in a glorified state as He was (Luke 24:51; Acts 1:1-9).  In the Orthodox Church, how this happens is a mystery; but we accept His word that He is present to us, and that we may partake of His sacrifice for us, thus making it possible, by faith, for us to be "in Christ and Christ in us."   This subject may be quite difficult for modern people to grasp, but we first must begin with the Incarnation itself to start with the presumption that the human and the divine can be united, that what we call or think of as purely material matter can be imbued with the presence of the divine, with what "comes down from heaven" and is truly spiritually present.   From the Incarnation, we derive this sense that makes it possible, for example, to understand the conferring of the Holy Spirit through the oil of chrismation at Holy Baptism.  The gifts and charisms taken on by saints in the Church become a part of the character of a person, yet they are gifts of the Spirit.  Christ has left us with a Mystical Supper, that we may partake of what He is, so that He lives in us, and we live in Him -- and are promised through faith that we may ultimately become a part of His everlasting life.  In St. Luke's Gospel, we read His teaching that "the kingdom of God is within you" (meaning both among and within us); see Luke 17:20-21. In the Eucharist, we are given more than a memorial, we are given a "living bread" that enables us to live the life with Him that He offers, with the quality of the eternal or "everlasting" that may dwell in us and prepare us, even helping us to grow into the fullness of that life with Him that He promises.  This is the living bread for the eternal day of the Lord, for the life in us He wants for us, for the kingdom of God dwelling within us.  Let us consider these mystical words, so seemingly out of place --as the response and consternation of His hearers among the religious leaders indicates.  But Christ's words have particular meanings, elevated and understood as He gives them to us, imbued with the divine reality that may also live in us, so that we might participate in the life of God's kingdom even in this world.  In Saturday's reading (above), Jesus spoke of how the Father draws us to Him, giving us faith, and helping us to grow in understanding ("It is written in the prophets, 'And they shall all be taught by God.'  Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me").  He will make His sacrifice so that we may dwell in Him and He in us; let us cherish this mystical gift with thanks, as the name Eucharist indicates (from εὐχαριστέω/eucharisteo, to give thanks).  In this article, Fr. Stephen Freeman describes the making of a sacrament as God taking up an ordinary action and making it a means of grace.   In today's reading, Jesus speaks of His gift of life, not as the world gives, but as only God can give to us. 

If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world

 

 The Jews then complained about Him, because He said, "I am the bread which came down from heaven."  And they said, "Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know?  How is it then that He says, 'I have come down from heaven'?"  Jesus therefore answered and said to them, "Do not murmur among yourselves.  No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day.  It is written in the prophets, 'And they shall all be taught by God.'  Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me.  Not that anyone has seen the Father, except He who is from God; He has seen the Father.  Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me has everlasting life.  I am the bread of life.  Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and are dead.  This is the bread which comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die.  I am the living bread which came down from heaven.  If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world."

 

- John 6:41-51 

 

After Jesus fed five thousand men (and more women and children) in the wilderness, the people sought to make Him king by force, as they were filled with the bread and fish He provided.  Jesus eluded them, walking on the water, but they followed Him by boat to Capernaum, so He began to teach them and to speak about Himself as Son.  In yesterday's reading, He taught them,  "Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."  Then they said to Him, "What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?"  Jesus answered and said to them, "This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He sent."  Therefore they said to Him, "What sign will You perform then, that we may see it and believe You?  What work will You do?  Our fathers ate the manna in the desert; as it is written, 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'"  Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven.  For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world."  Then they said to Him, "Lord, give us this bread always."  And Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life.  He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst.  But I said to you that you have seen Me and yet do not believe.  All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out.  For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.  This is the will of the Father who sent Me, that of all He has given Me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day.  And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day."

 

  The Jews then complained about Him, because He said, "I am the bread which came down from heaven."  And they said, "Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know?  How is it then that He says, 'I have come down from heaven'?"  We recall that in John's Gospel, the term the Jews is usually used to denote the religious leadership.  Here Christ is in Capernaum of Galilee, and it is likely the local rulers in the synagogue who know His father and mother.  At any rate, these speak for those who "know" Jesus in the earthly sense of His human birth.

Jesus therefore answered and said to them, "Do not murmur among yourselves.  No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day.  It is written in the prophets, 'And they shall all be taught by God.'  Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me.  Not that anyone has seen the Father, except He who is from God; He has seen the Father."  Here Jesus once again affirms something He alluded to in our previous reading (see yesterday's reading, above).  It is an affirmation that ultimately, our faith is something desired and willed by God the Father, but we have the capacity to reject and resist that faith and that "drawing" power of God upon us.  See Matthew 16:17.

"Most assuredly, I say to you, he who believes in Me has everlasting life.  I am the bread of life.  Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and are dead.  This is the bread which comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die.  I am the living bread which came down from heaven."  Here, as frequently happens in John's Gospel, Jesus turns their thoughts from an earthly understanding of His language to a holy or heavenly one.  He Himself is the living bread which came down from heaven.

"If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world."   Here is at once a revelation of Christ's Passion, death, and Resurrection to come, but at the same time a reference to the Eucharist to come.  This and the verses that will follow (in this Monday's reading) establish this eucharistic significance.  My study Bible comments that Christ's declaration that He is Himself the living bread reveals the Mystical Supper of the New Testament Church.  It notes that John's Gospel doesn't report the details of the Last supper, but rather the significance and truth of these events (which were known to the hearers of the Gospel) by reporting Christ's words. 

Jesus teaches,"No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day.  It is written in the prophets, 'And they shall all be taught by God.'  Therefore everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to Me.  Not that anyone has seen the Father, except He who is from God; He has seen the Father."  This is an important understanding about how faith works.  Christ clearly alludes to the drawing power of the Father upon human beings, and that all starts from there.  Our faith connection, therefore, is not only from Christ the Son Himself, but also from the Father -- as Christ asserts here -- and from the Holy Spirit.  Christ affirms this same understanding about faith as a revelation of the Father within us when He responds to Peter's confession of faith that Jesus is the Son of the living God in Matthew's Gospel.  He tells Peter, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven" (Matthew 16:16-17).  In this sense, Jesus quotes from the prophet Isaiah:  "And they shall all be taught by God" (Isaiah 54:13 LXX).  So the fullness of our capacity to "become like God," built into our creation as a potential and promise (Genesis 1:26), becomes possible through Christ's life, death, and Resurrection, but the potentials of faith in us begin with the Father's presence and activity in us, even drawing us to faith in Christ.  Everything points to Christ as the key to all things, for even the Father gives to Him this role.  He is the One who will give His flesh for the life of the world, for the everlasting life made possible and given to us through His sacrifice.  The eucharistic language is clear:  the bread from heaven is that which He will give us in the sacrament, making it possible even for the kingdom of God to dwell in us, and for us to hope for the everlasting life in which we dwell with Him.  He gives us this living bread from heaven through His sacrifice made for the life of the world.   In the beginning of the Gospel, we read, "In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it" (John 1:4-5).   Let us be those capable of seeing and receiving the light, not dwelling with the darkness, for His light is the light of everlasting life.

 

 

 

And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day

 

 "Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."  Then they said to Him, "What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?"  Jesus answered and said to them, "This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He sent."  Therefore they said to Him, "What sign will You perform then, that we may see it and believe You?  What work will You do?  Our fathers ate the manna in the desert; as it is written, 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'"  Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven.  For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world."  Then they said to Him, "Lord, give us this bread always."  And Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life.  He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst.  But I said to you that you have seen Me and yet do not believe.  All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out.  For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.  This is the will of the Father who sent Me, that of all He has given Me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day.  And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day."

 

- John 6:27–40 

 

 Yesterday we read that, after the feeding of the five thousand men (and more women and children) in the wilderness, when evening came, His disciples went down to the sea, got into the boat, and went over the sea toward Capernaum.  And it was already dark, and Jesus had not come to them.  Then the sea arose because a great wind was blowing.  So when they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and drawing near the boat; and they were afraid.  But He said to them, "It is I; do not be afraid."  Then they willingly received Him into the boat, and immediately the boat was at the land where they were going.  On the following day, when the people who were standing on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except that one which His disciples had entered, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with His disciples, but His disciples had gone away alone -- however, other boats came from Tiberias, near the place where they ate bread after the Lord had given thanks -- when the people therefore saw that Jesus was not there, nor His disciples, they also got into boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus.  And when they found Him on the other side of the sea, they said to Him, "Rabbi, when did You come here?"  Jesus answered them and said, "Most assuredly, I say to you, you seek Me, not because you saw the signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled.  Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."

 

  "Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."  Then they said to Him, "What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?"  Jesus answered and said to them, "This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He sent."  This is an interesting understanding, that Christ teaches that to pursue our faith is to work the works of God.  It indicates that faith is much more than simply an acceptance of an idea or believe.  The root of faith in the Greek of the Gospels means "trust."  To trust in Christ is to walk the journey of faith with Him, to follow His commandments, and to grow in that faith in all the ways that we might.  

Therefore they said to Him, "What sign will You perform then, that we may see it and believe You?  What work will You do?  Our fathers ate the manna in the desert; as it is written, 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'"  In yesterday's reading (above), Christ said Himself that these people had followed Him not because they saw His signs, but because they had been filled with the loaves, after which they tried to make Him king by force (see Wednesday's reading).  Here Christ's statement is affirmed; although He fed them miraculously in the wilderness, they demand a sign.  

Then Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, Moses did not give you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven.  For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world."  Then they said to Him, "Lord, give us this bread always."  And Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life.  He who comes to Me shall never hunger, and he who believes in Me shall never thirst.  But I said to you that you have seen Me and yet do not believe.  All that the Father gives Me will come to Me, and the one who comes to Me I will by no means cast out.  For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.  This is the will of the Father who sent Me, that of all He has given Me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day.  And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day."  My study Bible says of Christ's own will:  Since He has two natures, Christ has two wills -- the divine will and a human will.  At the Sixth Ecumenical Council, which was held at Constantinople (AD 680-681), it was proclaimed that these two wills of Christ do not work contrary to one another.  Instead, "His human will follows, not resisting nor reluctant, but subject to His divinity and to His omnipotent will."  

In today's reading, Jesus clearly emphasizes the unity of wills between Father and Son.  He says, "This is the will of the Father who sent Me, that of all He has given Me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day.  And this is the will of Him who sent Me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in Him may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up at the last day."  According to St. John Chrysostom, Jesus clearly states that it is His will as Son -- and therefore clearly the will of the Father -- that all are saved for this everlasting life He offers.  It stands to reason, then, he comments that neither faith nor unbelief are in some sense accidental, that faith is willed by the Father and the Son so that all are saved, because it is for this purpose that Christ in Incarnate in the world as a human being.  But unbelief also is not accidental, because it implies a denial or refusal of the Father's will.  In considering these things, it is imperative also that we think about the qualities that pertain to this everlasting life, this life to which we might be raised with Him through our faith.  Everlasting life pertains to a quality that is not simply about the temporal life we experience stretching on and on into eternity.  It pertains instead to a completely different quality or experience of life altogether, one outside of the moments in time we experience one after another.  In this sense, "everlasting" life is a quality of life which is independent of time.  According to HELPS Word-studies, this is life which is "simultaneously outside of time, inside of time, and beyond time."  In particular, it is the "unique quality (reality) of God's life at work in the believer," as God may manifest God's life within us.  In other words, this quality of grace permeates the meaning and values of what it is to experience everlasting life, and even as we live our lives in this world, as faithful, we may partake and experience this quality of life.  As such, there are gifts of the Spirit (see 1 Corinthians 12), there is fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23), there are diverse experiences of grace that permeate the life of the Church and her saints, and may be experienced by us all.  If this "everlasting" life is really a quality of the fullness of what God's life means, then how may we experience this -- even a taste of it -- as faithful?  An insight given in prayer is part of that life, what seems like miraculous coincidences experienced by the faithful are a part of that life, a sense of depth of insight into another person or a seemingly impossible solution to a problem is also a part of that life, and these experiences are numerous among the lived life of the faithful.  An everlasting life (meaning quite literally in Greek the quality of being age-long as opposed to fleeting life we know in this world) is an indication, then, of fullness, relating to concepts of growing into something until no more growth is possible.  An "end" or "finish" in this sense means everything has expanded to its fullest extent.  That would be the life of the "end" in which Christ unites with His Bride, the Church, the raising up at the last day.  But as faithful we should consider what the bread of heaven, given to us in the Church, particularly in the Eucharist, and as the life of faith we may live even in this world, adds to our lives as a quality that transforms and changes our experience of our worldly or earthly lives.  We should consider what this "everlasting" quality is that touches our lives.  Jesus speaks of the grace we receive by living this life of faith ourselves, in the Sermon on the Plain reported by St. Luke:  "Judge not, and you shall not be judged. Condemn not, and you shall not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven. Give, and it will be given to you: good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be put into your bosom. For with the same measure that you use, it will be measured back to you" (Luke 6:37-38).  To grasp a life of faith, then, to cherish the bread of life He offers, is to enter into and to participate in something far beyond ourselves, and to let this kingdom of heaven grow within us (Matthew 13:31-32).  Let us enter into, participate in, and cherish the life He offers, and grow in the path He opens, to an everlasting life, even to the last day.

 

Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him

 

 Now when evening came, His disciples went down to the sea, got into the boat, and went over the sea toward Capernaum.  And it was already dark, and Jesus had not come to them.  Then the sea arose because a great wind was blowing.  So when they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and drawing near the boat; and they were afraid.  But He said to them, "It is I; do not be afraid."  Then they willingly received Him into the boat, and immediately the boat was at the land where they were going.  

On the following day, when the people who were standing on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except that one which His disciples had entered, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with His disciples, but His disciples had gone away alone -- however, other boats came from Tiberias, near the place where they ate bread after the Lord had given thanks -- when the people therefore saw that Jesus was not there, nor His disciples, they also got into boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus.  And when they found Him on the other side of the sea, they said to Him, "Rabbi, when did You come here?"  Jesus answered them and said, "Most assuredly, I say to you, you seek Me, not because you saw the signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled.  Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."

 

- John 6:16-27 

 

Yesterday we read that, following events at the Feast of Weeks (or the Old Testament Pentecost), Jesus went over the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias.  Then a great multitude followed Him, because they saw His signs which He performed on those who were diseased.  And Jesus went up on the mountain, and there He sat with His disciples.  Now the Passover, a feast of the Jews, was near.  Then Jesus lifted up His eyes, and seeing a great multitude coming toward Him, He said to Philip, "Where shall we buy bread, that these may eat?"  But this He said to test him, for He Himself knew what He would do.  Philip answered Him, "Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may have a little."  One of His disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, said to Him, "There is a lad here who has five barley loaves and two small fish, but what are they among so many?"  Then Jesus said, "Make the people sit down."  Now there was much grass in the place.  So the men sat down, in number about five thousand.  And Jesus took the loaves, and when He had given thanks He distributed them to the disciples, and the disciples to those sitting down; and likewise of the fish, as much as they wanted.  So when they were filled, He said to His disciples, "Gather up the fragments that remain, so that nothing is lost."  Therefore they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves which were left over by those who had eaten.  Then those men, when they had seen the sign that Jesus did, said, "This is truly the Prophet who is to come into the world."  Therefore when Jesus perceived that they were about to come and take Him by force to make Him king, He departed again to the mountain by Himself alone.  

 

  Now when evening came, His disciples went down to the sea, got into the boat, and went over the sea toward Capernaum.  And it was already dark, and Jesus had not come to them.  Then the sea arose because a great wind was blowing.  So when they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus walking on the sea and drawing near the boat; and they were afraid.  But He said to them, "It is I; do not be afraid."  Then they willingly received Him into the boat, and immediately the boat was at the land where they were going.  Here is recorded the fifth of seven signs in John's Gospel.  As the entire sixth chapter of John's Gospel is a series of parallels with the events of the Passover and Exodus of the Jews from Egypt, we observe here that in the Exodus, Moses led the people across the Red Sea.  That is, they walked on dry ground in the midst of the sea (Exodus 14:15-31).  Here, Jesus sends the disciples across the sea, and then walks on the sea Himself as if it were dry ground.  

On the following day, when the people who were standing on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except that one which His disciples had entered, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with His disciples, but His disciples had gone away alone -- however, other boats came from Tiberias, near the place where they ate bread after the Lord had given thanks -- when the people therefore saw that Jesus was not there, nor His disciples, they also got into boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus.  And when they found Him on the other side of the sea, they said to Him, "Rabbi, when did You come here?"  Jesus answered them and said, "Most assuredly, I say to you, you seek Me, not because you saw the signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled.  Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."  Here we're given a taste of how badly the people want an earthly Messiah.  They so desire to follow Jesus that they got into boats and came to Capernaum.  But Jesus knows why they seek Him, and reminds them again that they simply seek Him because they were filled with the material bread He gave them in yesterday's reading, above.  Now, He begins to direct their attention away from the material, to another kind of heavenly bread, the food which endures to everlasting life, and to focus on His true Kingdom.

 

 Jesus tries to turn the people's focus from one place to another.  Here, they are so enamored of the bread with which He fed them in yesterday's reading, by multiplying the loaves and the fishes, they have already tried to forcefully make Him king, which Jesus eluded.  But that is not enough to shake off their persistence, and they have followed Him in boats now to Capernaum.  What does Jesus do when faced with this determined bunch who have made all this effort, who want Him to be their king?  Jesus does what He does elsewhere when faced with a crowd of people who follow Him, He begins to teach.  Here, He begins to offer them what He truly has for them.  Rather than the food which perishes (like the loaves with which they were filled in yesterday's reading), Jesus has something much better and much more precious to offer them.  They have put in all this effort to find Him, which He calls labor.  He tells them, "Do not labor for the food which perishes, but for the food which endures to everlasting life, which the Son of Man will give you, because God the Father has set His seal on Him."  If they are going to make such an effort, He's saying, they must do it for what is truly and ultimately worthwhile, for the food which endures to everlasting life.  And He makes it clear that He alone -- the Son of Man -- can give this kind of food, because God the Father has set His seal on Him.  So, if they want to know what is truly special and unique about Him, it's not that He has the capacity to feed whole crowds in the wilderness, to multiply loaves and fishes (after all, He stresses here that they didn't even follow after Him because of the signs He's done, but because they were filled).  No, Christ is special not because He would be a spectacular earthly king who could provide His people with unlimited material goods.  What makes Christ so special is that He can offer them something much better, a food which endures to everlasting life.  And only He has the seal of God the Father; that is, the identity that bears the authority of God the Father, the imprimatur that guarantees He is the unique and authentic Son.  Only the Father can give this authority, and God the Father has given it -- this "seal" -- only to Christ, the Son of Man.  And this is where we begin to understand who Jesus is, and how Jesus is in the world as the Son of Man, in His absolutely unique Incarnation, a one-time event in the history of Creation, and what He is here for.  This is what He is here to give, what He is present and ready to offer to the people who wish to "labor" for it.  In the following reading, Jesus will explain just what that "labor" is.  But for today, He's leading the people in what we might easily call repentance.  He's turning their minds over to something different than that which they apparently had their hearts set on, turning them to face another direction, and something quite different.  He's asking them to turn around and to reconsider, that there is something much better to work so hard for and to desire for themselves -- and only He can offer it to them.  The question then starts here, will they take from Him what He offers? Can they accept it?  And we can also ask ourselves what we do in terms of our own constant purely material focus.  Can we shift and focus on something better, on something that adds to our lives in subtle but unmistakable ways, that adds a kind of substance that is transcendent of what we know?  Are we prepared for this "everlasting" quality, or even to find out what it means?  Let us consider what it is we labor for, and what He has to give which is on offer, and why.