And they told about the things that had happened on the road, and how He was known to them in the breaking of bread

 

 But Peter arose and ran to the tomb; and stooping down, he saw the linen cloths lying by themselves; and he departed, marveling to himself at what had happened.  Now behold, two of them were traveling that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was seven miles from Jerusalem.  And they talked together of all these things which had happened.  So it was, while they conversed and reasoned, that Jesus Himself drew near and went with them.  But their eyes were restrained, so that they did not know Him.  And He said to them, "What kind of conversation is this that you have with one another as you walk and are sad?"  Then the one whose name was Cleopas answered and said to Him, "Are You the only stranger in Jerusalem, and have You not known the things which happened there in these days?"  And He said to them, "What things?"  So they said to Him, "The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, who was a Prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people, and how the chief priests and our rulers delivered Him to be condemned to death, and crucified Him.  But we were hoping that it was He who was going to redeem Israel.  Indeed, besides all this, today is the third day since these things happened.  Yes, and certain women of our company, who arrived at the tomb early, astonished us.  When they did not find His body, they came saying that they had also seen a vision of angels who said He was alive.  And certain of those who were with us went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said; but Him they did not see."  Then He said to them, "O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!  Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?"  And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.  

Then they drew near to the village where they were going, and He indicated that He would have gone farther.  But they constrained Him, saying, "Abide with us, for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent."  And He went in to stay with them.  Now it came to pass, as he sat at the table with the, that He took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them.  Then their eyes were opened and they knew Him; and He vanished from their sight.  And they said to one another, "Did not our heart burn within us while He talked with us on the road, and while He opened the Scriptures to us?"  So they rose up that very hour and returned to Jerusalem, and found the eleven and those who were with them gathered together, saying, "The Lord is risen indeed, and has appeared to Simon!"  And they told about the things that had happened on the road, and how He was known to them in the breaking of bread.

 

- Luke 24:12–35 

 

Yesterday we read that the women returned from observing Christ's tomb, and prepared spices and fragrant oils.  And they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.  Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they, and certain other women with them, came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared.  But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb.  Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus.  And it happened, as they were greatly perplexed about this, that behold, two men stood by them in shining garments.  Then, as they were afraid and bowed their faces to the earth, they said to them, "Why do you seek the living among the dead?  He is not here, but is risen!  Remember how He spoke to you when He was still in Galilee, saying, 'The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again.'"  And they remembered His words.  Then they returned from the tomb and told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest.  It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them, who told these things to the apostles.  And their words seemed to them like idle tales, and they did not believe them.  

 

But Peter arose and ran to the tomb; and stooping down, he saw the linen cloths lying by themselves; and he departed, marveling to himself at what had happened.  Now behold, two of them were traveling that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was seven miles from Jerusalem.  And they talked together of all these things which had happened.  My study Bible notes that the two of them are Cleopas (identified in verse 18), and according to tradition, Luke himself.  It was a common literary device for a writer not to give his own name (see Mark 14:51, John 21:24).  

 

So it was, while they conversed and reasoned, that Jesus Himself drew near and went with them.  But their eyes were restrained, so that they did not know Him.   My study Bible comments that the nature of the resurrected body is so different from its previous state that it is not immediately recognizable (John 20:14; 21:4, 12; see 1 Corinthians 15:35-44).   In addition, the resurrected body is also able to take different forms, which is what occurs here (see Mark 16:12).  That their eyes were restrained suggests that Christ intentionally prevents them from recognizing Him in order to expose their doubting thoughts, and then cure them by means of the Old Testament Scriptures (see verse 27).  

And He said to them, "What kind of conversation is this that you have with one another as you walk and are sad?"  Then the one whose name was Cleopas answered and said to Him, "Are You the only stranger in Jerusalem, and have You not known the things which happened there in these days?"  And He said to them, "What things?"  So they said to Him, "The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, who was a Prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people, and how the chief priests and our rulers delivered Him to be condemned to death, and crucified Him.  But we were hoping that it was He who was going to redeem Israel.  Indeed, besides all this, today is the third day since these things happened.  Yes, and certain women of our company, who arrived at the tomb early, astonished us.  When they did not find His body, they came saying that they had also seen a vision of angels who said He was alive.  And certain of those who were with us went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said; but Him they did not see."   My study Bible tells us that the disciples' hope for redemption was still based in a foolish (verse 25) misunderstanding of the Messiah as a political savior or deliverer.  With Christ's death, this earthly hope had been completely dashed.  

 

 Then He said to them, "O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken!  Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?"  And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.  My study Bible comments that it is partial faith to believe either in a Messiah who only suffered, or one that would only reign in His glory.  Complete faith sees the Messiah encompassing both, for all of this was foretold in the Law and the Prophets.  

Then they drew near to the village where they were going, and He indicated that He would have gone farther.  But they constrained Him, saying, "Abide with us, for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent."  And He went in to stay with them.  Now it came to pass, as he sat at the table with the, that He took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them.  Then their eyes were opened and they knew Him; and He vanished from their sight.  And they said to one another, "Did not our heart burn within us while He talked with us on the road, and while He opened the Scriptures to us?"  So they rose up that very hour and returned to Jerusalem, and found the eleven and those who were with them gathered together, saying, "The Lord is risen indeed, and has appeared to Simon!"  And they told about the things that had happened on the road, and how He was known to them in the breaking of bread.  My study Bible points out that Christ breaks bread in the same way He did at the Last Supper (Luke 22:19), imaging the Eucharist of the New Testament Church.  It says that all who commune with the Lord in His rise Body in faith have their eyes opened to know Him, for the Lord is known most perfectly in the breaking of bread.  The disciples ask one another, "Did not our heart burn within us . . .?"  My study Bible comments that this is the inescapable effect of hearing the Holy Scriptures taught correctly and with faith (see 2 Timothy 2:15).  This burning is the conviction that the words and promises are true.

This recognition of Christ in the breaking of the bread is something strong and powerful, and also recognizable.  It also teaches us something important about memory in the Christian religious sense.  In our celebrations and feasts and commemorations we do just that -- we remember, we commemorate.  But memory in this special religious sense is not just a mere observation of something that happened in history.  To remember or to recall, as do the disciples here, is to recover the meaning of this event for ourselves yet again.  Moreover, it is to participate in, to have an experience of that original event.  This is an important religious (or spiritual) understanding.  All of the historical practices of the Church, especially those found in particular symbols, or even priestly gestures which serve as symbols, are meant to evoke something.  They are not empty symbols, but are done with faith and in a certain manner in order to recreate meaning and experience, inviting us into the realities of the mysteries of God and the events of the ministry of Jesus Christ, and the subsequent apostles and saints who have lived this holy life.  In our faith, we don't look at historical events of the past as mere textbook examples of something that happened once upon a time.  We are meant to relive and recover those realities -- we enter into a communion and participate in something living and real and present today.  In Christ, and in this kingdom of God brought near to us (Luke 10:9, 11), there is no such thing as time.  That is, everything is sustained in the presence of God, in this place of spiritual meanings that don't pass away with the ticking of the clock or the time of the original events themselves.  This is what it is to be imbued with spiritual reality and presence.  In the holiness of various types of relics, even in the presence of a saint or Christ Himself evoked through prayer with an icon, in our worship services, we enter into the presence of communion.  We worship with uncountable angels at the altar; we are, together with Isaiah and the Evangelist of the Revelation, in the presence of the angels who worship in heaven (Isaiah 6:1-3, Revelation 4:8), even with us as we worship on earth.  We enter into a glorious communion with the great cloud of witnesses spoken of by Paul (Hebrews 12:1), and all of these things give meaning and substance, and spiritual weight, to our present circumstances.  And this is the way that we encounter our Lord.  Just as He taught the disciples on the road to Emmaus, He lives in the Scriptures, in the Law and the Prophets, and in the New Testament as well.  He lives with us in our services, in our prayers, even where two or three are gathered together in His name (Matthew 18:20), and in the breaking of our "daily bread" which is the bread of the eternal day of the Kingdom.  The gesture of Christ in the breaking of bread is an evocation of the Eucharist, and it ever remains so.