Therefore hear the parable of the sower

 

 "Therefore hear the parable of the sower:  When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart.  This is he who received seed by the wayside.  But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while.  For when tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles.  Now he who received seed among the thorns is he who hears the word, and the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful.  But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty."

 

- Matthew 13:18–23 

 

In our recent readings, the lectionary has taken us through the Gospel of St. Matthew, and into the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5 - 7).  This week, Ascension Day occurs on Thursday (in the Western and Armenian Apostolic Churches; for the Eastern Orthodox, it is Thursday next week).  So, the lectionary begins preparing us for the celebration of Christ's Ascension, after which we'll continue reading the final verses of the Sermon on the Mount.  Yesterday we began reading in chapter 13, when Jesus starts to preach in parables.  We read that Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea.  And great multitudes were gathered together to Him, so that He got into a boat and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.  And great multitudes were gathered together to Him, so that He got into a boat and sat; and the whole multitude stood on the shore.  Then He spoke many things to them in parables, saying:  "Behold, a sower went out to sow.  And as he sowed, some seed fell by the wayside; and the birds came and devoured them.  Some fell on stony places, where they did not have much earth; and they immediately sprang up because they had no depth of earth.  But when the sun was up they were scorched, and because they had no root they withered away.  And some fell among thorns, and the thorns sprang up and choked them.  But others fell on good ground and yielded a crop:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.  He who has ears to hear, let him hear!" And the disciples came and said to Him, "Why do You speak to them in parables?"  He answered and said to them, "Because it has been given to you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given.  For whoever has, to him more will be given, and he will have abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand.  And in them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says:  'Hearing you will hear and shall not understand, and seeing you will see and not perceive; for the hearts of this people have grown dull. Their ears are hard of hearing, and their eyes they have closed, lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, lest they should understand with their hearts and turn, so that I should heal them.'  But blessed are your eyes for they see, and your ears for they hear; for assuredly, I say to you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it."

 

  "Therefore hear the parable of the sower:  When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart.  This is he who received seed by the wayside.  But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while.  For when tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles.  Now he who received seed among the thorns is he who hears the word, and the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful.  But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty."  We should keep in mind that Jesus is explaining the parable of the Sower (see yesterday's reading, above) in private to His disciples.  At this stage in His ministry, He has begun to preach in parables as "great multitudes" begin to gather to Him.  There are so many coming to hear Him and see Him that He must sit in a boat off the shore while the people gather on shore to hear Him.  So, we can assume that by now He is speaking to large gatherings of people that include much more than disciples.  There are no doubt those who are curious, or who come to see Him for His reputation of healing and miraculous cures and the casting out of demons.  By now it is likely also that He has gained a reputation as one who has been in conflict with the religious authorities, and that no doubt also draws people to hear Him.  However we might frame this beginning of Christ's preaching in parables, it comes to people in such a way that the "mysteries of the kingdom of heaven" are hidden within the story, the parables made by taking elements of daily life in order to illustrate the workings of the kingdom of heaven.  As Jesus has explained to His disciples in yesterday's reading (see above), He wants to draw those with spiritual eyes and ears, the ones who truly desire what He offers, and thus speaks in parables.  

 

This parable, like the rest of them which Christ teaches in this chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel, is an illustration of the workings of the kingdom of heaven.   As He indicates, He's the Sower who sows the seeds.  We may think of this poetically, as the Word Himself (John 1:1), He sows the gospel message.  That is, He casts the seeds out, the words He teaches and preaches, and all the things He does in His ministry in the fullness of His message.  What kind of ground will these seeds -- His words and teachings -- fall upon?  We are the ground.  Or rather, the interior lives we lead determine the ground.  Is our heart receptive?  Are we capable of hearing and seeing the things of spirit and soul He offers?  Do we really want it?  In my personal experience, we each may go through the stages Jesus describes at any time in our lives, but He's illustrating what receptiveness and a true heart that grasps what He offers can do.  Not everyone is going to receive at all times, and the evil one is busy trying to distract us constantly and snatch away what's been sown in the heart.  A stony heart, one that understands with difficulty because of a lack of attunement to this kind of message, may feel joy in hearing His word for awhile, but when difficulty comes it's so much easier to walk in a different way and forget.  And then there's another kind of obstacle and distraction.  Jesus frames this as "the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches."  These things choke the word inside, as we become consumed and even frazzled through the pursuit of things outside of ourselves that will not reap the same blessings of the Kingdom (about which Jesus has been preaching in the Sermon on the Mount; see, for example, the Beatitudes).  Such a person neglects the fruit of the Spirit because their lives are "choked" -- crowded with other things.  His explanation concludes, "But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty."   And this is what Christ is looking for, the disciples He is calling even through His parables.  Can we receive it?  Can we understand who He is and what kind of redemption He's offering?  It's so easy to be distracted, to be "choked" by other things.  Perhaps today -- especially in the prosperous and technologically developed parts of the world -- we are more distracted than ever.  But everywhere there may also be tribulation or persecution!  Let us pray for all, and live our faith.

 

 

 

 

This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified through it

 

 Now a certain man was sick, Lazarus of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha.  It was that Mary who anointed the Lord with fragrant oil and wiped His feet with her hair, whose brother Lazarus was sick.  Therefore the sisters sent to Him, saying, "Lord, behold, he whom You love is sick."  When Jesus heard that, He said, "This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified through it."  

 

Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus.  So, when He heard that he was sick, He stayed two more days in the place where He was.  Then after this He said to the disciples, "Let us go to Judea again."  The disciples said to Him, "Rabbi, lately the Jews sought to stone You, and are You going there again?"  Jesus answered, "Are there not twelve hours in the day?  If anyone walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world.  But if one walks in the night, he stumbles, because the light is not in him."  These things He said, and after that He said to them, "Our friend Lazarus sleeps, but I go that I may wake him up."  Then His disciples said, "Lord, if he sleeps he will get well."  However, Jesus spoke of his death, but they thought that He was speaking about taking rest in sleep.  Then Jesus said to them plainly, "Lazarus is dead.  And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, that you may believe.  Nevertheless let us go to him."  Then Thomas, who is called the Twin, said to his fellow disciples, "Let us also go, that we may die with Him." 

 

- John 11:1-16 

 

In our recent readings, Jesus has continued His disputes with the religious authorities in Jerusalem.  Chapters 7 through 10 were taken up mostly with events which took place at the autumn Feast of Tabernacles, but now the Gospel has moved to winter and the Feast of Dedication (or Hanukkah).  We are being taken through the final year of Christ's earthly life.  Yesterday we read that the religious leaders with whom He disputed took up stones again to stone Him,  after He told them, "I and the Father are one" (see Monday's reading).  Jesus answered them, "Many good works I have shown you from My Father.  For which of those works do you stone Me?"  The Jews answered Him, saying, "For a good work we do not stone You, but for blasphemy, and because You, being a Man, make Yourself God."  Jesus answered them, "Is it not written in your law, 'I said, "You are gods"'?  If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken), do you say of Him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God'?  If I do not do the works of My Father, do not believe Me; but if I do, though you do not believe Me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in Me, and I in Him."  Therefore they sought again to seize Him, but He escaped out of their hand.  And He went away again beyond the Jordan to the place where John was baptizing at first, and there He stayed.  Then many came to Him and said, "John performed no sign, but all the things that John spoke about this Man were true."  And many believed in Him there. 

 Now a certain man was sick, Lazarus of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha.  It was that Mary who anointed the Lord with fragrant oil and wiped His feet with her hair, whose brother Lazarus was sick.  Therefore the sisters sent to Him, saying, "Lord, behold, he whom You love is sick."  When Jesus heard that, He said, "This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified through it."   Today we begin chapter 11, in which the seventh of the seven signs in John's Gospel will take place, the raising of Lazarus.  It is the final year of Christ's earthly life, and the effects of this great sign will be profound indeed, including the response by the religious authorities.  Bethany, my study Bible says, is on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, about two miles from Jerusalem.  Here, Christ sends back to Mary and Martha a message to strengthen them, so that when Lazarus dies, they will take confidence in Christ's words.  Lazarus is the same name as "Eleazar," which means "God helps."  My study Bible explains that the Son of God being glorified must not be understood to be the cause of Lazarus' death.  Instead, it indicates that Christ will be glorified as a result of Lazarus' death (occurring from natural illness) and his being raised from the dead.  Note the similarity between Christ's response to His disciples' question about the man born blind from birth ("Neither this man nor his parents sinned, but that the works of God should be revealed in him" - see Thursday's reading) and His response to Martha and Mary regarding Lazarus' illness.

Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus.  So, when He heard that he was sick, He stayed two more days in the place where He was.  Then after this He said to the disciples, "Let us go to Judea again." My study Bible explains that Christ delays in order for Lazarus to be dead long enough for the corruption of his body to set in (see verse 39).  In this way, no one could doubt the miracle, and the might of the Lord would be clearly seen by all.  

The disciples said to Him, "Rabbi, lately the Jews sought to stone You, and are You going there again?"  Jesus answered, "Are there not twelve hours in the day?  If anyone walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world.  But if one walks in the night, he stumbles, because the light is not in him."   Jesus again iterates that He is the light of the world (John 8:12, 9:5).  The disciples protest because of events which took place at the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah), which we read in yesterday's reading (see above). 

These things He said, and after that He said to them, "Our friend Lazarus sleeps, but I go that I may wake him up."  Then His disciples said, "Lord, if he sleeps he will get well."  However, Jesus spoke of his death, but they thought that He was speaking about taking rest in sleep.  Compare Christ's use of the word sleeps here to Acts 7:60; 1 Corinthians 11:30, 15:6.  

Then Jesus said to them plainly, "Lazarus is dead.  And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, that you may believe.  Nevertheless let us go to him."  Then Thomas, who is called the Twin, said to his fellow disciples, "Let us also go, that we may die with Him."  My study Bible calls Thomas' statement an unwitting prophecy of his own future martyrdom.  It also illustrates the path that all believers must take -- that we die daily to the world for the sake of following Christ (Luke 9:23-24, 1 Corinthians 15:31).  

In today's reading, Jesus states that the "sickness of Lazarus is not unto death, but rather for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified through it."  What is nominally a human tragedy becomes an occasion for the glory of God -- and that the Son of God may be glorified through it.  If we consider the events that will come as a result of the raising of Lazarus, we understand a deeper and more profound meaning to the term "glorified" for Christ, the Son of God.  The death of Lazarus will be the occasion that spurs on the religious leaders to put Christ to death, sending Him to His Passion and the Cross, the hour of glorification.  This occasion reminds us that what seems like a terrible tragedy by human standards may be the occasion for the glory of God -- and possibly more, an occasion for us to rise to God's vision for us and for our own lives.  It makes for a kind of exchange:  our visions and hopes in exchange for a life that God may have in mind for us, for a kind of glory that we can't get from our limited perspective or what a more earthly idea will build for us.  God's "long game" has different goal posts, different rules than our conventional lives and goals might encompass.  Who could imagine that the Cross -- the worst instrument of Roman punishment -- would come to symbolize the glory of God and the power to transform and transfigure even the worst event of human life, and power over life, death, and Resurrection?  It is the defeat of the final enemy, death -- and the power of evil in opposition to God.  So Jesus begins this journey with the illness of Lazarus and the seventh sign to come in the Gospel, the one that will lead the religious leaders to decide once and for all they must rid themselves of Him.  Let us consider Jesus' words when we are in the middle of our own crises, our own tragedies.  Is there occasion for the glory of God where you are?  Or for the glorification of the Son of God?  At the worst of times, we have occasion for prayer, for calling upon the most powerful force that transcends all things, to give us His light and show us a path we might not expect.  We may be asked to give up something precious to us, but what we seek is something deeper and greater and which pervades everything.  We just might wake up to something that is greater than our own preferences, better than our own ideas for the way things "should" be.  

He who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces: some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty

 "Therefore hear the parable of the sower:  When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart.  This is he who received seed by the wayside.  But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while.  For when tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles.  Now he who received seed among the thorns is he who hears the word, and the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful. But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty."

- Matthew 13:18-23

 Yesterday we read that, after Jesus taught the parable of the Sower to the multitudes, the disciples came and said to Him, "Why do You speak to them in parables?"  He answered and said to them, "Because it has been given to you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given.  For whoever has, to him more will be given, and he will have abundance; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him.  Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand.  And in them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says:  'Hearing you will hear and shall not understand, and seeing you will see and not perceive; For the hearts of this people have grown dull.  Their ears are hard of hearing, and their eyes they have closed, lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, lest they should understand with their hearts and turn, so that I should heal them.  'But blessed are your eyes for they see, and your ears for they hear; for assuredly, I say to you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it." 

 "Therefore hear the parable of the sower:  When anyone hears the word of the kingdom, and does not understand it, then the wicked one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart.  This is he who received seed by the wayside.  But he who received the seed on stony places, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy; yet he has no root in himself, but endures only for a while.  For when tribulation or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles.  Now he who received seed among the thorns is he who hears the word, and the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful. But he who received seed on the good ground is he who hears the word and understands it, who indeed bears fruit and produces:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty."  The text here gives us Jesus' explanation to His disciples of the parable of the Sower (which we read in Tuesday's reading):  For the sake of convenience, here is Jesus' telling of the parable:  "Behold, a sower went out to sow.  And as he sowed, some seed fell by the wayside; and the birds came and devoured them.  Some fell on stony places, where they did not have much earth; and they immediately sprang up and because they had no depth of earth.  But when the sun was up they were scorched, and because they had no root they withered away.  And some fell among thorns, and the thorns sprang up and choked them.  But others fell on good ground and yielded a crop:  some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.  He who has ears to hear, let him hear!"

Jesus' parable of the Sower really gives us emphasis on what happens internally with faith.  His word is the seeds that are sown; the rest of the parable is about reception, and what happens in our lives with that seed that is His word and teaching.  We note the interplay of the sower and the "wicked one."  The sower sows an idea, a teaching, a word (and He is the Word).  The parable gives us an idea of what happens to that word.  It falls upon those who don't comprehend it, and immediately the wicked one (the birds in the parable) snatches it away.  There is a force at work in the world that doesn't want this word to take root, to prevail, to be a part of our lives as we live them.  If this word doesn't find good soil, and rests in "stony places" then it is not long-lived.  To have a stony heart, in the language Jesus frequently uses, is a heart that at some level rejects this word, doesn't want to hear its teachings and have them go more deeply within.  Joy comes with first hearing, but when it means a struggle, especially (as told in Jesus' explanation) when outward forces push back against it, faith flees.  Tribulation or persecution is enough to overcome faith, and this person stumbles.  Other outward forces work upon us in our lives.  There are the thorns of the parable, which Jesus says are cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches, which choke the word.   These are the conditions of the world in which we find ourselves, and these conditions have perhaps magnified for us in modern times.  They are with us throughout our lives.  An increasingly sophisticated and developed economy, combined with popular media, creates ever more demand by such thorns.  The cares of this world go hand in hand with the deceitfulness of riches, as often they are combined in our experience:  once we have what we learn to desire, the care comes when we must pay for it -- an endless cycle.  There are so many things we cannot control; one aspect of the deceit of riches is the illusion that wealth gives us full control over everything, even the state of health.  These remain huge issues for us to negotiate through our faith.  How much time do we give it?  What priority do we give it?  Where does humility come into the way in which we negotiate the cares of this world and the deceit of riches?  These are struggles that were with these disciples then, and they certainly remain in great force with us now.  Jesus presents them as thorns which choke the word.  Each of these scenaria presented in this simple parable of sowing seed and reaping harvest from growing plants gives us an idea of what our faith must overcome and struggle through, both as individuals and corporately:  as a communion, a group related by seeking to do the will of God.  (In Monday's reading, Jesus said, "Here are My mother and My brothers!  For whoever does the will of My Father in heaven is My brother and sister and mother.")  Jesus speaks of the heart, but we need to remember that heart to heart, we do have communion.  We can affect and shore up one another's faith.  We struggle with this together.  We are able to give help to one another.  Those who've come before us, the saints of the Church, whose word we can read and know, also help us to shore up our faith and take strength in it, preparing good ground.  Prayer not only offers us help and connection with Creator, it is also ground for the communion of saints.  In our services and liturgies, we worship together with all of heaven, a great cloud of witnesses.  In Jesus' telling of this parable, we can consider all the ways these thorns have magnified, and also all the ways in which the Church has given us help for the struggle of the word and its fruitfulness within us.  We have one another, we have Scripture, we have those who've come before us and made the choices in the struggle, those who illuminate the word and share their light with us.  Let us remember the tools we're given, of humility and discipline, and the importance of our choices, surrounding ourselves and our hearts with support for the rootedness and growth of the word, and the Kingdom that it builds within us and among us.