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He also said to His disciples: "There was a certain rich man who had a steward, and an accusation was brought to him that this man was wasting his goods. So he called him and said to him, 'What is this I hear about you? Given an account of your stewardship, for you can no longer be steward.' Then the steward said within himself, 'What shall I do? For my master is taking the stewardship away from me. I cannot dig; I am ashamed to beg. I have resolved what to do, that when I am put out of the stewardship, they may receive me into their houses.' So he called every one of his master's debtors to him, and said to the first, 'How much do you owe my master?' And he said, 'A hundred measures of oil.' So he said to him, 'Take your bill, and sit down quickly and write fifty.' Then he said to another, 'And how much do you owe?' So he said, 'A hundred measures of wheat.' And he said to him, 'Take your bill, and write eighty.' So the master commended the unjust steward because he had dealt shrewdly. For the sons of this world are more shrewd in their generation than the sons of light. And I say to you, make friends for yourselves by unrighteous mammon, that when you fail, they may receive you into an everlasting home."- Luke 16:1-9
Yesterday we read the continuation of the passage begun on Wednesday, in which all the tax collectors and the
sinners drew near to Jesus to hear Him. And the Pharisees and scribes
complained, saying, "This Man receives sinners and eats with them." In response, Jesus told three parables. Two of them (the parable of the Lost Sheep and the parable of the Lost Coin) were in Wednesday's reading. In yesterday's reading, Jesus told the parable of the Lost Son or the Prodigal Son. He said: "A certain man had two sons. And the younger of them said to
his father, 'Father, give me the portion of goods that falls to me.'
So he divided to them his livelihood. And not many days after, the
younger son gathered all together, journeyed to a far country, and there
wasted his possessions with prodigal living. But when he had spent
all, there arose a severe famine in that land, and he began to be in
want. Then he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country, and
he sent him into the his fields to feed swine. And he would gladly
have filled his stomach with the pods that the swine ate, and no one
gave him anything. But
when he came to himself, he said, 'How many of my father's hired
servants have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! I
will arise and go to my father, and will say to him, "Father, I have
sinned against heaven and before you, and I am no longer worthy to be
called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants."' And he
arose and came to his father. But when he was still a great way off,
his father saw him and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and
kissed him. And the son said to him, 'Father, I have sinned against
heaven and in your sight, and am no longer worthy to be called your
son.' But the father said to his servants, 'Bring out the best robe and
put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet. And
bring the fatted calf here and kill it, and let us eat and be merry;
for this my son was dead and is alive again, he was lost and is found.'
And they began to be merry. Now
his older son was in the field. And as he came and drew near to the
house, he heard music and dancing. So he called one of the servants and
asked what these things meant. And he said to him, 'Your brother has
come, and because he has received him safe and sound, your father has
killed the fatted calf.' But he was angry and would not go in.
Therefore his father came out and pleaded with him. So he answered and
said to his father, 'Lo, these many years I have been serving you; I
never transgressed your commandment at any time; and yet you never gave
me a young goat, that I might make merry with my friends. But as soon
as this son of yours came, who has devoured your livelihood with
harlots, you killed the fatted calf for him.' And he said to him, 'Son, you are always with me, and all that I have is yours. It was right that we should make merry and be glad, for your brother was dead and is alive again, and was lost and is found.'"
He also said to His disciples: "There was a certain rich man who had a
steward, and an accusation was brought to him that this man was wasting
his goods. So he called him and said to him, 'What is this I hear
about you? Given an account of your stewardship, for you can no longer
be steward.' Then the steward said within himself, 'What shall I do?
For my master is taking the stewardship away from me. I cannot dig; I
am ashamed to beg. I have resolved what to do, that when I am put out
of the stewardship, they may receive me into their houses.' So he
called every one of his master's debtors to him, and said to the first,
'How much do you owe my master?' And he said, 'A hundred measures of
oil.' So he said to him, 'Take your bill, and sit down quickly and
write fifty.' Then he said to another, 'And how much do you owe?' So
he said, 'A hundred measures of wheat.' And he said to him, 'Take your
bill, and write eighty.' So the master commended the unjust steward
because he had dealt shrewdly. For the sons of this world are more
shrewd in their generation than the sons of light. And I say to you,
make friends for yourselves by unrighteous mammon, that when you fail,
they may receive you into an everlasting home." My study Bible explains that a steward is responsible for managing the master's property and looking after the welfare of the master's servants. The point of this parable, it says, is that the unrighteous are better at using money to make friends in the world than believers are at using money to make friends for the Kingdom of God -- which is accomplished by spending it on the needy. At death (when you fail), it says, the needy will welcome their benefactors into the everlasting home.
In today's reading, Jesus gives a fourth parable in response to the complaint of the Pharisees and scribes, made when the tax collectors and sinners came to hear Christ, "This Man receives sinners and eats with them." But in today's reading, He directs this particular parable to His own disciples. In the three parables we have already read in response to the Pharisees and scribes, the parables of the Lost Sheep and the Lost Coin in Wednesday's reading, and the parable of the Lost Son or Prodigal Son in yesterday's reading (see above), the emphasis was on the "extra mile" one would go to retrieve what was lost and can be found again. The shepherd in the parable left behind ninety-nine sheep to find the one, the woman makes all the effort in sweeping and cleaning her house to find the one coin missing out of ten. In yesterday's reading, the elderly father doesn't mind risking embarrassment and even upset on the part of his older son by expressing his great love for the son who was lost and then found again upon the prodigal's return. Those parables gave us a sense of God's great love which would make every effort to retrieve those lost to God who could be found again and returned to our Father in heaven. Jesus taught, "I
say to you that likewise there will be more joy in heaven over one
sinner who repents than over ninety-nine just persons who need no
repentance." But today's reading places the emphasis on us, giving us a sense of how our own efforts should be made to reconcile ourselves to those around us. Simple justice isn't enough, and mercy becomes the key to the formation of this citizenship of the kingdom to which He alludes in the parable. We are, like God, to go that extra mile to bring those in need closer to the kingdom of God. A steward is an important stand-in for the disciples and others who will be the shepherds in His Church. When Jesus tells parables that involve stewards as figures in the parable, then He is frequently addressing the disciples who will become the stewards and leaders of His Church. In this case, He's telling them about using resources which will be available to them with mercy, even with extravagance, leaving behind a kind of measure-for-measure or tit-for-tat sense of justice, and instead measuring by fellowship and love. To practice charity, to go the extra mile to keep fellowship and relationships within community becomes the important goal here, the hallmark of His kingdom in this world. Can we make allowances for our fellow members of the Church? Can we give a little extra to someone who needs a good word? Can we bring comfort to others who are feeling isolated or sad? Can we find a way to help others to know they are included in our circle of care, and of compassion? These are the ways in which we may practice the kind of fellowship Jesus teaches here, in addition to charity using financial and other material resources that we have. In such cases, we do not measure in accordance with what is owed or what is on the books or what we are compelled through some financial requirement that makes figures add up in account books. Our charity is practiced for other reasons, and without those restrictions on it. Do we donate to our church simply to get a tax write-off, or are there other reasons for supporting a fellowship which includes those who cannot make such donations (should we have that capacity ourselves)? Is the Church for all, or only for those with the wealth to build its physical walls? No, wealth is shared to build community and communion, to include those who may not have the same sort of financial resources to give, but who also are fellow servants in faith. In this sense Jesus makes the statement that "the sons of this world are more
shrewd in their generation than the sons of light." A very 'worldly' person may understand what it is to overlook a debt, to make a donation, or even to offer a bribe where some good will is desired. But a sincerely spiritual and honest person must also come to understand that generosity of spirit is necessary for the Kingdom as well, making allowances for what goes beyond simply honest accounting. If we give for love of our communion and community, we might understand that what we give doesn't necessarily make material sense on a personal level, but to give to our fellow servants, to practice love and care, is also the way of the Kingdom, and it is the way that we build the relationships with our fellow servants that Christ wishes of us. How can we help those who need help? We go an extra mile in order to do so, we "make friends" with those who could use our help and love, regardless of how that is expressed. Let us consider in what ways Jesus asks us to reach out, to be generous with resources of time and care and attention, in addition to financial resources ("unrighteous mammon"), for all of it is part of what it means to be a good steward and a good fellow servant who serves the same Master. For we may shrewdly use our resources for the Kingdom. It is that kind of encouragement we all need, that shores up true fellowship, and teaches others we care for them -- that they are precious in our sight as they are precious in His. People may feel that kindness is something simple or easily overlooked, but it is just that simple thing that can make a difference in our fellowship and in our own standing in Christ's kingdom.
