Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do

 

 There were also two others, criminals, led with Him to be put to death.  And when they had come to the place called Calvary, there they crucified Him, and the criminals, one on the right hand and the other on the left.  Then Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."  And they divided His garments and cast lots.  And the people stood looking on.  But even the rulers with them sneered, saying, "He saved others; let Him save Himself if He is the Christ, the chosen of God."  The soldiers also mocked Him, coming and offering Him sour wine, and saying, "If You are the King of the Jews, save Yourself."  And an inscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew:

THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

Then one of the criminals who were hanged blasphemed Him, saying, "If You are the Christ, save Yourself and us."   But the other, answering, rebuked him, saying, "Do you not even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation?  And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds; but this Man has done nothing wrong."  Then he said to Jesus, "Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom."  And Jesus said to him, "Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise."

 

- Luke 23:32–43 

 

Yesterday we read that, as they led Jesus away to His crucifixion, they laid hold of a certain man, Simon a Cyrenian, who was coming from the country, and on him they laid the cross that he might bear it after Jesus.  And a great multitude of the people followed Him, and women who also mourned and lamented Him.  But Jesus, turning to them, said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for Me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.  For indeed the days are coming in which they will say, 'Blessed are the barren, wombs that never bore, and breasts which never nursed!'  Then they will begin 'to say to the mountains, "Fall on us!" and to the hills, "Cover us!" '  For if they do these things in the green wood, what will be done in the dry?"

 

There were also two others, criminals, led with Him to be put to death.  And when they had come to the place called Calvary, there they crucified Him, and the criminals, one on the right hand and the other on the left.  Calvary literally means "the skull."  My study Bible comments that being crucified between the two criminals shows Christ's complete identity with fallen humanity, and fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 53:9-12.

 

 Then Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."  And they divided His garments and cast lots.  My study Bible says that this intercession is not only for those who sentenced and crucified Jesus, but for all of humanity -- a people who have no insight into the profound mystery of God's salvation.  He speaks these words not as a request, but with His divine authority.  So, therefore, my study Bible adds that their great sin would still have been forgiven the had they repented.  Notably, of course, one of the soldiers did repent (see verse 47) and he is considered a saint of the Church.  

 

 And the people stood looking on.  But even the rulers with them sneered, saying, "He saved others; let Him save Himself if He is the Christ, the chosen of God."  The soldiers also mocked Him, coming and offering Him sour wine, and saying, "If You are the King of the Jews, save Yourself."   My study Bible notes that the repeated expression to "Save Yourself" is the continuing temptation of Satan to deter Jesus from completing His mission (see Luke 4:9-13).  

 

 And an inscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew:  THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.  According to my study Bible, this inscription was intended as an accusation and a mockery.  Instead it became a triumphant symbol that all nations would come under the reign of Jesus the King.  

 

 Then one of the criminals who were hanged blasphemed Him, saying, "If You are the Christ, save Yourself and us."   But the other, answering, rebuked him, saying, "Do you not even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation?  And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds; but this Man has done nothing wrong."  Then he said to Jesus, "Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom."  And Jesus said to him, "Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise."  My study Bible explains that the first of the criminals wanted to use Jesus to avoid responsibility for his actions, while the other accepts his sentence and asks simply to be remembered.  This latter way is the path to Paradise.  Jesus says, "Today you will be with Me in Paradise."  My study Bible comments that to be reconciled to Christ is to be in paradise immediately.  Moreover, the souls of the departed as in the presence of God and experience a foretaste of His glory before the final resurrection. 

 

 What is forgiveness?  What is a sin that is too great to forgive?  My study Bible explains Jesus' words as given in divine authority, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."  In so doing, it notes that, while Christ's forgiveness is thereby extended to all and for all, it is nevertheless necessary that human beings repent in order to realize that forgiveness.  This is crucial to our understanding of our faith, for it forms the crux of Christ's very mission into our world as the human Jesus, the purpose for His death on the Cross, His Resurrection, and all the things on which our hinges our worship and faith.  Christ's forgiveness is extended to all, but nevertheless repentance is the way by which we are able to realize that forgiveness.  We ourselves -- like the repentant thief on the cross -- need to come to terms with the truth of our own errors and where and who we are in order to realize that forgiveness and find our way to Christ.  Our faith life is a question of returning to Him and His way for us, finding our way to be with Him in Paradise, as Jesus tells the repentant criminal.  For how could we be with Christ in Paradise if we're not prepared to recognize the things that keep us out -- our own sins and behavior?  How could we be with Christ in Paradise if we're not prepared to accept the reality of this authority, and to live the life in Paradise and compatible with its reality?  Forgiveness, in this understanding, is not merely a kind of blanket excuse for everything.  It's not stating that people have done nothing wrong, or committed no error or sin.  It's quite the opposite; it's an acknowledgement of the error and of the sin, but it is willing pardon for the effects of that sin, if there is repentance.  It is God's willing love for each of us to be where He is, to live that blessed life of Paradise, if we but make the choice to follow Him and to accept that forgiveness.  It is a declaration of His love, just as Christ's very life in this world is a declaration of that love:  "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved" (John 3:16-17).  Christ's parable of the Prodigal Son, found only in St. Luke's Gospel (Luke 15:11-32), teaches us this same understanding of repentance and forgiveness.  In that parable, the father of the Prodigal has always loved his son, has always desired his return.  But it's not until the son "came to himself" that he realized that life was so much better with his father, even for the lowest hired servants, than the life he had found by squandering his inheritance.  When he returns he tells his father he's not worthy to be called his son, and asks simply to be made a hired servant.  But instead his father runs to meet him, and calls for a banquet to rejoice "for this my son was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found" (Luke 15:24).  This is Christ's forgiveness, given to us all from the Cross, and with authority, so that each of us may come to Him and find ourselves, not as strangers but as sons of the Kingdom.  Let us open our eyes to His grace.  While many if not most of us are not guilty of such terrible sins, to repent is not merely to renounce a specific sin.  We turn to God for the things we "know not" -- the way God would lead us forward to Him and toward Paradise.  For this is repentance, or "change of mind" as the word literally means in Greek.  In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus tells us, "Therefore you shall be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect" (Matthew 5:48).  This is an ongoing, eternal, and infinite process.  Let us follow Him.

 

 

 

 

They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots

 

 Now as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name.  Him they compelled to bear His cross.  And when they had come to a place called Golgotha, that is to say, Place of a Skull, they gave Him sour wine mingled with gall to drink.  But when He had tasted it, He would not drink.   Then they crucified Him, and divided His garments, casting lots, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet:

"They divided My garments among them,

And for My clothing they cast lots."

Sitting down, they kept watch over Him there.  And they put up over His head the accusation written against Him:

THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

Then two robbers were crucified with Him, one of the right and another on the left.  And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "You who destroy the temple and built it in three days, save Yourself!  If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross."  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking with the scribes and elders, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  If He is the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross, and we will believe Him.  He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now if He will have Him; for He said, 'I am the Son of God.'"  Even the robbers who were crucified with Him reviled Him with the same thing.

 

- Matthew 27:32-44 

 

We are currently reading through the Passion of Christ.  Jesus has been convicted in night trial before the Sanhedrin, and brought to Pilate the Roman governor of Judea who sits in the judgment seat.  Pilate finds no guilt in Jesus, and has tried three times to release Him, but the chief priests and elders have coerced the crowd to demand Barabbas.  When Pilate saw that he could not prevail at all, but rather that a tumult was rising, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, "I am innocent of the blood of this just Person.  You see to it."  And all the people answered and said, "His blood be on us and on our children."  Then he released Barabbas to them; and when he had scourged Jesus, he delivered Him to be crucified.  Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the Praetorium and gathered the whole garrison around Him.  And they stripped Him and put a scarlet robe on Him.  When they had twisted a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and a reed in His right hand.  And they bowed the knee before Him and mocked Him, saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!"  Then they spat on Him, and took the reed and struck Him on the head.  And when they had mocked Him, they took the robe off Him, put His own clothes on Him, and led Him away to be crucified.  

 

Now as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name.  Him they compelled to bear His cross.  And when they had come to a place called Golgotha, that is to say, Place of a Skull, they gave Him sour wine mingled with gall to drink.  But when He had tasted it, He would not drink.  Then they crucified Him, and divided His garments, casting lots, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet:  "They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots." Sitting down, they kept watch over Him there.  And they put up over His head the accusation written against Him:  THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.  Then two robbers were crucified with Him, one of the right and another on the left.  And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "You who destroy the temple and built it in three days, save Yourself!  If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross."  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking with the scribes and elders, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  If He is the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross, and we will believe Him.  He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now if He will have Him; for He said, 'I am the Son of God.'"  Even the robbers who were crucified with Him reviled Him with the same thing.  My study Bible has a note on the entire passage in today's reading.  It comments that Jesus accepts mockery and endures the weakness of our body in His own to take upon Himself our sufferings.  This is accomplished because He unites His divine nature to our human nature.  So, His humanity is truly our humanity.  As He has no sin, He nevertheless was made to be sin for us, that through His flesh He might condemn sin itself (Romans 8:3; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 2:9).  Matthew speaks of the two robbers who were crucified on either side of Jesus, that at first both mock Him.  But we know from St. Luke's Gospel that one of them would later repent (Luke 23:39-43).  The words spoken by the prophet which are fulfilled are from Psalm 22:18; the entirety of the Psalm describes the Crucifixion.   The words from the first verse of this Psalm will be on Christ's lips as we follow the events of His Crucifixion in the next reading.

 

 One element that pervades all of today's reading is how completely Christ is reviled in the scene presented to us.  Crucifixion itself was the harshest punishment the Romans handed out.  It was reserved for the worst of criminals.  It assigned a slow and agonizing death which included the most punitive type of shame to a criminal -- hung upon a cross before all, and for days at a time.  Crucifixion itself invited public spectacle and jeering at ones exceptional suffering and degraded state.  The notion of personal honor is important here, as it was an important understanding in classical civilization, and so this treatment was degrading on a number of levels, and designed to assert a full lack of any consideration whatsoever for the person as a human being.  In the classical world, even cruelty to animals was a subject of discussion of moralists and philosophers, many asserting that animals had souls and therefore the right not to suffer unnecessarily.  So one way we might consider St. Paul's words (as referred to by my study Bible) that Jesus Christ came to "be sin" for us is to consider this extraordinarily degrading treatment.  We couple this with the understanding that so many knew Him to be innocent of wrongdoing, and it puts us in a place where we see extraordinary injustice even on purely human terms; treated as One made notorious in this iniquitous treatment seems to embody "sin" in and of itself.  But Jesus bears all of this, and He has willingly gone to His Cross to defeat sin once and for all.  His divinity not only defines Him but bears witness to the cruelties and unjust sufferings the world visits upon Jesus, and so becomes the ultimate judge of sin itself.  For there is no doubt that this isn't a simple story of certain religious leaders seeking to do in their opponent, a man whose growing popularity is a kind of threat or a thorn in their side.  What we're witnessing is the outcome of a tremendous battle behind the scenes, of the "ruler of this world" and the forces represented thereby and Christ as the Son who is in all things obedient to the Father.   In John 8:44, Jesus condemns those who do as the devil does:  "You are of your father the devil, and the desires of your father you want to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own resources, for he is a liar and the father of it."  So we cannot separate the sin and evil put upon Christ from the spiritual forces with which people ally when they do so -- and Christ, as Son, becomes the great object of this spiritual battle.  In so doing, we could say that the devil attempts to paint Christ as the ultimate evil, as sin, projecting his own state upon the Lord.  In this light, let us consider that Christ has also taken on all the shame we might ourselves experience, vividly rendered for us in the Gospel accounts.  Additionally, Christ voluntarily took on the consequences of sin -- corruption and death -- but without Himself sinning.  He Himself has become like a sin offering, reconciling humanity and God for the renewal of the world, in a completely ontological sense.  That is, this reconciliation runs to the fullness of all that is, seen and unseen.  But lest all of these considerations lead us to a kind of despair at such unjust suffering, let us consider that it is not just Christ's divinity but His own state as a sinless human that enables evil to be defeated -- even evil in the highest places.   In Luke's Gospel, when the seventy apostles return rejoicing that they were able to cast out demons, Jesus says, "I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven" (see Luke 10:17-19), for as Christ's power becomes shared by human beings, the ruler of this world is defeated.  So let us take heart, for Christ knows this is the way to defeat evil, and we are invited into that struggle because of all He has done.  If we carry Christ with us and within us as we go through this world, we also participate in the Resurrection He will bring, and the defeat of death and evil.  For we may also bear witness for the court of His judgment.  In what we see today, the prophecy is fulfilled:  "They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots."  In a worldly sense, Christ is treated as a person become nobody, nothing; even His clothing is left to others to cast lots for.  In such fulfillment, He becomes the Almighty, and Savior of all things.

 

 

Arise, take up your bed and go to your house

 

 So He got into a boat, crossed over, and came to His own city.  Then behold, they brought to Him a paralytic lying on a bed.  When Jesus saw their faith, He said to the paralytic, "Son, be of good cheer; your sins are forgiven you."  And at once some of the scribes said within themselves, "This Man blasphemes!"  But Jesus, knowing their thoughts, said, "Why do you think evil in your hearts?  for which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven you,' or to say, 'Arise and walk'?  But that you may know that the Son of Man has power on earth to forgive sins" -- then He said to the paralytic, "Arise, take up your bed and go to your house."  And he arose and departed to his house.  Now when the multitudes saw it, they marveled and glorified God, who had given such power to men.

 

- Matthew 9:1-8 

 

Yesterday we read that when Jesus and the disciples had come to the other side of the Sea of Galilee (after crossing through a frightening storm), to the country of the Gergesenes, there met Him two demon-possessed men, coming out of the tombs, exceedingly fierce, so that no one could pass that way.  And suddenly they cried out, saying, "What have we to do with You, Jesus, You Son of God?  Have You come here to torment us before the time?"  Now a good way off from them there was a herd of many swine feeding.  So the demons begged Him, saying, "If You cast us out, permit us to go away into the herd of swine."  And He said to them, "Go."  So when they had come out, they went into the herd of swine.  And suddenly the whole herd of swine ran violently down the steep place into the sea, and perished in the water.  Then those who kept them fled; and they went away into the city and told everything, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men.  And behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus.  And when they saw Him, they begged Him to depart from their region.   

 

  So He got into a boat, crossed over, and came to His own city.  Jesus is returning from the encounter with the demon-possessed men, and so has crossed back over the Sea of Galilee.  Christ's own city is Capernaum.

Then behold, they brought to Him a paralytic lying on a bed.  When Jesus saw their faith, He said to the paralytic, "Son, be of good cheer; your sins are forgiven you."  And at once some of the scribes said within themselves, "This Man blasphemes!"  But Jesus, knowing their thoughts, said, "Why do you think evil in your hearts?  for which is easier, to say, 'Your sins are forgiven you,' or to say, 'Arise and walk'?  But that you may know that the Son of Man has power on earth to forgive sins" -- then He said to the paralytic, "Arise, take up your bed and go to your house."  And he arose and departed to his house.  Now when the multitudes saw it, they marveled and glorified God, who had given such power to men.  My study Bible comments on this reading that, as shown by the healing of the paralytic, faith is indispensable as a condition for salvation.  It notes also here that faith is collective as well as personal, because the faith of the paralytic's friends helped in his healing.  There are three signs of Christ's divinity on display in this passage.  First, that He knows the secrets of hearts (He is the "heart-knower" -- see 1 Samuel 16:7; 2 Chronicles 6:30).  Second, Jesus forgives sins here, and this is a power which belongs only to God.  Finally, Jesus heals with the power of His word.

What are we to make of the helpful faith of this paralytic man's friends?  We don't always have friends around to help us or to pray for us when we need it, but this fact of a cooperative, or collective faith remains a great gift to us, and a revelation as well.  For, in the communion of saints we also believe there is a kind of web of prayer.  This place of communion of the faithful, which transcends time and place, is put into words by St. Paul as "the great cloud of witnesses" (Hebrews 12:1).  In the Body of Christ in this sense, we are not alone, but we are connected to the faithful who have come before us.  This is particularly true of the martyrs and confessors for our faith, those who have sacrificed for the love of God and lived their faith in this sense.  In the ancient tradition of the Church, we may pray with such saints and witnesses.  It is for this purpose that we have iconography.  In the Eastern traditions, it remains a vital part of Orthodoxy, and icons are stylized in particular ways to make it clear that we enter a particular dimension of communion when we interact through prayer or ask for prayers and help.  They are not literal renderings merely for memory's sake or for teaching alone, but rather invite communion and participation in that place where "all live to Him" (Luke 20:38).   Christ on the Cross spoke of His own seeming abandonment in a worldly sense, and the communion in prayer which sustained Him, when He spoke to the disciples at the Last Supper:  "Indeed the hour is coming, yes, has now come, that you will be scattered, each to his own, and will leave Me alone. And yet I am not alone, because the Father is with Me" (John 16:32).  He sets the example for all of us, that we may be sustained in prayer, and the testimony for such effective communion and prayer is on display in today's reading.  We should never forget that we are sustained not simply of ourselves alone, and, like Christ, we have others with us even when we are seemingly alone.  We have the Helper, the Holy Spirit, and Christ, and the Father (for where one of the Trinity is, all are present) -- and we have the entire communion of saints, which includes angelic help.  Tremendous help and testimony has been made throughout the centuries by such prayer.  Let us have the faith and trust Christ asks of us. 

And He was numbered with the transgressors

 

 And they brought Him to the place Golgotha, which is translated, Place of a Skull.  Then they gave Him wine mingled with myrrh to drink, but He did not take it.  And when they crucified Him, they divided His garments, casting lots for them to determine what every man should take.  Now it was the third hour, and they crucified Him.  And the inscription of His accusation was written above:

THE KING OF THE JEWS.

With Him they also crucified two robbers, one of His right and the other on His left.  So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "And He was numbered with the transgressors."  And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "Aha!  You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself, and come down from the cross!"  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking among themselves with the scribes, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  Let the Christ, the King of Israel, descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe."  Even those who were crucified with Him reviled Him. 

 

- Mark 15:22–32 

 

 Yesterday we read that, as the crowd demanded the prisoner Barabbas be released to them, Pilate answered and said to them again, "What then do you want me to do with Him whom you call the King of the Jews?"  So they cried out again, "Crucify Him!"  Then Pilate said to them, "Why, what evil has He done?"  But they cried out all the more, "Crucify Him!"  So Pilate, wanting to gratify the crowd, released Barabbas to them; and he delivered Jesus, after he had scourged Him, to be crucified. Then the soldiers led Him away into the hall called Praetorium, and they called together the whole garrison.  And they clothed Him with purple; and they twisted a crown of thorns, put it on His head, and began to salute Him, "Hail, King of the Jews!"  Then they struck Him on the head with a reed and spat on Him; and bowing the knee, they worshiped Him.  And when they had mocked Him, they took the purple off Him, put His own clothes on Him, and led Him out to crucify Him.  Then they compelled a certain man, Simon a Cyrenian, the father of Alexander and Rufus, as he was coming out of the country and passing by, to bear His cross.

 

And they brought Him to the place Golgotha, which is translated, Place of a Skull.  Then they gave Him wine mingled with myrrh to drink, but He did not take it.  And when they crucified Him, they divided His garments, casting lots for them to determine what every man should take.  Now it was the third hour, and they crucified Him.  And the inscription of His accusation was written above:  THE KING OF THE JEWS.  My study Bible comments here on the inscription of His accusation that what was intended as an accusation and a mockery became instead a triumphant symbol.  Pilate's act is, in fact, prophetic, showing that those who rejected Him had risen against their own King, and the cross was the means by which Christ established His Kingdom.  The third hour is about 9:00 in the morning.

 

 With Him they also crucified two robbers, one of His right and the other on His left.  So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "And He was numbered with the transgressors."  And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "Aha!  You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself, and come down from the cross!"  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking among themselves with the scribes, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  Let the Christ, the King of Israel, descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe."  Even those who were crucified with Him reviled Him.  My study Bible notes that Christ being crucified between two robbers is not only a fulfillment of the Scripture (verse 28; Isaiah 53:12), but it shows also that He is completely identifying with sinful humanity.

We look at this scene of Christ crucified, and we cannot bear to see Him suffer.  We want to turn away from the mocking and the derision, from the taunts of those who pass by and blaspheme, and from even the chief priests and scribes.  They continue to demand proofs, even as Christ is on the Cross:  "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  Let the Christ, the King of Israel, descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe."  So low has Christ been made, the text tells us, that even those who were crucified with Him reviled Him.  Christ is now taunted even by the others who are crucified with Him.  This is in a certain sense the great scandal.  For how can God be brought this low in human terms?  How can God be so humiliated, driven in pain and torture on the Cross, and reviled by all, even challenged by those who yet taunt Him by demanding proofs about Him?  At the same time, this scandal is the uniqueness of the Christian faith, for by observing His suffering, on all these levels of pain and humiliation, we also observe what my study Bible notes, that He has completely identified with sinful humanity.  Whatever we go through, He experiences here.  He has done nothing worthy of such treatment, but He experiences all of it, and with us.  For that is, ultimately, our God.  If we suffer in this world from effects of evil, so God also suffers with us, and has chosen to do so voluntarily.  So, we're left with the question, how can God suffer like us?  Or perhaps, why would God suffer like us, and with us?  Aside from these questions, we are given a conundrum:  why would God tolerate evil and suffering to exist at all?  In John's Gospel, we are given one clear answer written in Scripture for us, given as the word of Jesus Himself:  "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up,  that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life. For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved" (John 3:14-17).  If we neither know nor understand anything else, we are to understand God's love, that through Christ's suffering God calls us into communion with God, for an "everlasting" life with God.  This everlasting description is meant to describe a quality of life, not a quantity or a time-period.  It teaches us about the life that remains after all else has passed, of a substance that outweighs all else, like Christ's words that will remain even though heaven and earth may pass away.  God calls us to a communion of life that is unsurpassed by anything else, because in suffering with us, so He also calls us to live fully in Him, to participate in Christ's life, even as He is also risen.  In His suffering, death, and eternal life, Christ is truly the Alpha and the Omega of all things, and there He calls us to be with Him as well.  In Revelation 22:13, Christ says, "I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last."  For as He suffers with us, He also calls us to live with Him.  If the story of our first ancestors tell us that, without proper preparation, they eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and so suffer -- then the story of Christ is the call toward the fullness of this knowledge in Him and shared with us in that sense of the eternal, that which surpasses all things, a kind of final proper destiny which Christ, our Door, opens to us.  For He is the King of all who would be saved, the One who shares life with us even to the Cross, and offers us everything in return.  For He is, above all, the God who is love.

Here are My mother and My brothers! For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother

 

 And they went into a house.  Then the multitude came together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread.  But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of Him, for they said, "He is out of His mind."  And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, "He has Beelzebub," and, "By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons."  So He called them to Himself and said to them in parables:  "How can Satan cast out Satan?  If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand.  And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand.  And if Satan has risen up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but has an end.  No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man.  And then he will plunder his house.

"Assuredly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they may utter; but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation" -- because they said, "He has an unclean spirit."

Then His brothers and His mother came, and standing outside they sent to Him, calling Him.  And a multitude was sitting around Him; and they said to Him, "Look, Your mother and Your brothers are outside seeking You."  But He answered them, saying, "Who is My mother, or My brothers?"  And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and said, "Here are My mother and My brothers!  For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother."

 

- Mark 3:19b–35 

 

Yesterday we read that, at this point in Jesus' ministry (having had important disputes with religious leaders), He withdrew with His disciples to the sea.  And a great multitude from Galilee followed Him, and from Judea and Jerusalem and Idumea and beyond the Jordan; and those from Tyre and Sidon, a great multitude, when they heard how many things He was doing, came to Him.  So He told His disciples that a small boat should be kept ready for Him because of the multitude, lest they should crush Him.  For He healed many, so that as many as had afflictions pressed about Him to touch Him.  And the unclean spirits, whenever they saw Him, fell down before Him and cried out, saying, "You are the Son of God."  But He sternly warned them that they should not make Him known.  And He went up on the mountain and called to Him those He Himself wanted.  And they came to Him.  Then He appointed twelve, that they might be with Him and that He might send them out to preach, and to have power to heal sicknesses and to cast out demons:  Simon, to whom He gave the name Peter; James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James, to whom He gave the name Boanerges, that is, "Sons of Thunder"; Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Cananite; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him.   

 

 And they went into a house.  Then the multitude came together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread.  But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of Him, for they said, "He is out of His mind."  Mark's Gospel points out to us that at this significant time in Christ's ministry, in which He has just appointed the Twelve who will be sent out as apostles, and at which time His popular following among all the regions of Israel has attracted intense scrutiny and criticism by religious leaders, there are members of Christ's extended family who also want to "tame" what is happening, and state that He is beside Himself.  I have read opinions that this is possibly because of all of the attention, and certainly the negative and condemning scrutiny of the scribes and Pharisees, that Jesus is drawing toward Himself.  They may be attempting to make excuses for Him as they seek to curb what is happening.  Possibly these are members of His family and clan who simply cannot comprehend why He is not the humble carpenter of Nazareth that they knew, and this Man who now draws so much attention really does seem "out of His mind."  It puts us in mind of the rejection by His townsfolk in Nazareth (Luke 4:16-30), who were incensed at His preaching.

And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, "He has Beelzebub," and, "By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons."  So He called them to Himself and said to them in parables:  "How can Satan cast out Satan?  If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand.  And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand.  And if Satan has risen up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but has an end.  No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man.  And then he will plunder his house."  Beelzebub was a name for Baal used by the Jews.  Baal was a god worshiped by the Philistines (2 Kings 1:2-16).  There are disputes as to what the name means.  Some explain it as a kind of ridiculing parody of the names used for Baal in the Philistines' worship of the god, and meaning prince of "the dung heap" or lord of "the flies."  Here, the scribes call this god the ruler of the demons.  My study Bible explains that the impossibility of demons fighting against themselves illustrates the irrational pride and envy of the Pharisees in their opposition to the Holy Spirit.  In an interesting commentary on this passage, St. Augustine states that it is righteous justice that Christ is the "stronger man" who plunders the house of the strong man, Satan, and liberates his goods from bondage to him; that is, those who are enslaved to sin.  Jesus is the One who turns the weapons of demonic power back against the devil, by binding the "strong man" Satan himself. 

"Assuredly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they may utter; but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation" -- because they said, "He has an unclean spirit."  My study Bible comments that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is blasphemy against the divine activity of the Spirit, blasphemy against pure goodness.  A sin against the Son of Man is more easily forgiven, it says, because the Jews did not know much about Christ.  But blasphemy against the Spirit, whose divine activity was known through the Old Testament Scriptures, will not be forgiven, as it comes from a willful hardness of heart and a refusal to accept God's mercy.  This is a kind of willful blindness meant in order to simply condemn.  My study Bible adds that the patristic writers are clear that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is not an "unforgivable sin" -- nor does Jesus call this sin "unforgivable."  St. John Chrysostom says that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit would be forgivable if a person were to repent of it.  Jesus is making this declaration knowing that those who blaspheme the Spirit here are calling pure, divine goodness "evil," and by their own choice they are beyond repentance.

Then His brothers and His mother came, and standing outside they sent to Him, calling Him.  And a multitude was sitting around Him; and they said to Him, "Look, Your mother and Your brothers are outside seeking You."  But He answered them, saying, "Who is My mother, or My brothers?"  And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and said, "Here are My mother and My brothers!  For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother."  Perhaps this is another mission undertaken at the behest of extended family, to speak with Christ about His ministry.  Certainly we know His mother's understanding of His identity, but it is the public attention and negative scrutiny and hostility by religious authorities that seems to trouble the family.  My study Bible comments that Christ's relatives have not yet understood His identity and mission.  He points to a spiritual family based on obedience to the will of God the Father.  

 

 Many people seem to feel that success must come easily and quickly, so long as one is "doing the right thing."  But this is far from true, and life usually holds the opposite expectation -- that success is a product of hard work, rebounding and trying again after failures, struggle, and persistence.  It also takes a lot of creativity, a willingness to think about things in new ways, and quite often what most people call luck.  (In my estimation, a prayer life can be remarkably "lucky" to the eyes of those who don't understand it.)  But if we look at Jesus, the picture of "instant success" disappears for one that is quite different.  Possibly in this case, what we really need to do is start to think outside the box, to be creative enough in our understanding to grasp how Jesus' mission is a success even when it seems to be failing, when there is opposition, when His relatives think He is out of His mind, and even -- and most especially then -- when He goes to the Cross and experiences human death.  Because what Jesus really teaches us is that all of our ideas of success have to take second place to God's idea of what makes us a success.  In today's reading, He says that "whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother."  We might especially remember that when Jesus first tells the disciples that He will suffer and be killed, St. Peter, the rock of faith, rebuked Christ.  We might assume Peter was speaking on behalf of all of the disciples, as is often the case.  But Jesus' response was to rebuke Peter before the rest of the disciples, saying, "Get behind Me, Satan! For you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men."  (See Mark 8:31-33.)   What is a success in the sight of God does not necessarily correspond to our idea of success at all.  St. Paul writes to the Corinthians regarding himself and his fellow apostles:  "For I think that God has displayed us, the apostles, last, as men condemned to death; for we have been made a spectacle to the world, both to angels and to men. We are fools for Christ’s sake, but you are wise in Christ! We are weak, but you are strong! You are distinguished, but we are dishonored! To the present hour we both hunger and thirst, and we are poorly clothed, and beaten, and homeless.  And we labor, working with our own hands. Being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we endure;  being defamed, we entreat. We have been made as the filth of the world, the offscouring of all things until now" (1 Corinthians 4:9-13).  Moreover, in the traditional Christian view, and as we are repeatedly taught by Christ in the Gospels, it is humility that is the chief virtue that leads to all others.  These lessons come frequently to the disciples when they are debating one another about "who will be greatest."  See, for example, Luke 22:24-27, a dispute that takes place at the Last Supper.  A clear definition of success would simply be a mission completed to the last detail.  But often, we can't know the outcome of that success, the longterm effect, or even what the real planner of the mission had in mind.  And so it is with our lives.  So often we think of success in terms of what the rest of the world might say about what we do; and yet, success is also measured in terms that don't have price tags or bottom lines attached to them, like caring for an elderly parent, helping someone out who needs it, or using compassion the way that we see Christ do.  Most often, prayer is indispensable for coming to terms with a measure of true success.  No one will be a greater cheerleader for a true measure of success than what we find in our prayer lives, in the context of a worship service that helps us to see more clearly than when all the pressure is on and everything struggles within us, or a good pastor who can truly help us to find the right path.  Sometimes success is simply a matter of needing a redefinition, remembering where our bedrock of reality really lies.  And that is on the rock of our salvation (see Matthew 7:24-27).  For we all have a mission that lasts a lifetime, that asks us to keep on trying, and holds a world of learning and starts and failures all along the way.  That is Christ's mission of love to us.

THE KING OF THE JEWS

 And they brought Him to Golgotha, which is translated, Place of a Skull.  Then they gave Him wine mingled with myrrh to drink, but He did not take it.  And when they crucified Him, they divided His garments, casting lots for them to determine what every man should take.  Now it was the third hour, and they crucified Him.  And the inscription of His accusation was written above:

THE KING OF THE JEWS.

With Him they also crucified two robbers, one on His right and the other on His left.  So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "And He was numbered with the transgressors."  And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "Aha!  You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself, come down from the cross!"  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking among themselves with the scribes, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  Let the Christ, the King of Israel, descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe."  Even those who were crucified with Him reviled Him.

- Mark 15:22-32

Yesterday we read that Pilate answered and said to crowds again, "What then do you want me to do with Him whom you call the King of the Jews?"  So they cried out again, "Crucify Him!"  Then Pilate said to them, "Why, what evil has He done?"  But they cried out all the more, "Crucify Him!"  So Pilate, wanting to gratify the crowd, released Barabbas to them; and he delivered Jesus, after he had scourged Him, to be crucified.  Then the soldiers led Him away into the hall called Praetorium, and they called together the whole garrison.  And they clothed Him with purple; and they twisted a crown of thorns, put it on His head, and began to salute Him, "Hail, King of the Jews!"  Then they struck Him on the head with a reed and spat on Him; and bowing the knee, they worshiped Him.  And when they had mocked Him, they took the purple off Him, put His own clothes on Him, and led Him out to crucify Him. Then they compelled a certain man, Simon a Cyrenian, the father of Alexander and Rufus, as he was coming out of the country and passing by, to bear His cross.

And they brought Him to Golgotha, which is translated, Place of a Skull.  Then they gave Him wine mingled with myrrh to drink, but He did not take it.  And when they crucified Him, they divided His garments, casting lots for them to determine what every man should take.  Now it was the third hour, and they crucified Him.  And the inscription of His accusation was written above: THE KING OF THE JEWS.  Once again, we find truth peeking out from what was intended to be an accusation and mockery.  My study bible calls this inscription a triumphant symbol.  John's Gospel teaches us that Pilate acted to place this title on the Cross (John 19:19-22).  My study bible says that Pilate's act is prophetic, showing that the Jews had risen against their own King, and that the cross was the means by which Christ has established His Kingdom.

With Him they also crucified two robbers, one on His right and the other on His left.  So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "And He was numbered with the transgressors."  And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "Aha!  You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself, come down from the cross!"  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking among themselves with the scribes, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  Let the Christ, the King of Israel, descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe."  Even those who were crucified with Him reviled Him.  My study bible comments here that Christ being crucified between two robbers not only fulfills the Scripture (v. 28; Isaiah 53:12), but also shows that He is completely identifying with sinful humanity.  Moreover the mocking continues by members of the leadership, and yet another demand for proof that He is the Christ.  The Gospel, in its details, wishes us to understand how lowly is His worldly state:  even those who were crucified with Him reviled Him.

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus preaches, "Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake" (Matthew 5:11).  Here in today's reading, Jesus is living that teaching, first of all, before the rest of us.  He is the Master, and as He has taught also, "A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master. It is enough for a disciple that he be like his teacher, and a servant like his master. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebub, how much more will they call those of his household!" (Matthew 10:24-25).  Are we really prepared to follow in His footsteps?  The real question here is a deepening understanding of what exactly all of this means.  We understand that Christ goes to the Cross not simply "because it is written" (although true prophesy does teach us about things which will come to manifest; it does not cause those things to occur).  We understand that in all things, Christ is living faith.  That is, it is precisely as He prayed in the garden:  "Abba, Father, all things are possible for You.  Take this cup away from Me; nevertheless, not what I will, but what You will" (see this reading).  There is a depth of reliance upon the Father and the Father's will that makes this death on the Cross bearable and possible.  In this sense, this is no ordinary crucifixion.  None of the others crucified on this or any other day transfigure the instrument of suffering to turn it into one of salvation and redemption.  There is only one Cross, and it is so precisely because of the way that Jesus lived His life and goes to His death:  His complete reliance and trust in the Father, and the subservience of His human will to God.  Fr. Stephen Freeman writes in a comment on his blog regarding our own acceptance of death and the Christian faith:  "It is not death that we desire, but union with Christ, including with His death. I think it is useful to make this distinction. Most of what the world encounters in death is precisely the enemy (death is the last enemy). It is ugly, brutal, frequently laced with meaninglessness, etc."  What we come to terms with in the death of Christ is how the Church will come to understand the death of its martyrs.  Death is transfigured through the Cross -- and most importantly, death as the final enemy, death as evil, is defeated.  This death on the Cross leads not only to Christ's Resurrection, but in that Resurrection so we are also lifted up with Him, and we may participate in this "cycle" in our own lives, wherever and whenever there is a kind of death, or encounter with evil.  When all things are given to God, even those which are nominally evil that we encounter in our lives, they are transfigured and given meaning.  We are to face them and live them through in faith and trust in God, as does Jesus.  Life is a journey.  Jesus tells us, "I am the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6),  and that word for way also means "road" in Greek.  Our road might pass through all kinds of things, but if it is the road we're given through our faith, it is the road that leads us somewhere, gives all things meaning as we pass through it, and brings us only that much closer to Him.   Even in this lowliest of states Jesus enters in today's reading, all things are given meaning, and in turn that meaning is offered to us through Christ.  Let us remember such a life is also one of witnessing, for an ultimate judgment.  In the end it means the defeat of that which seeks to harm and destroy, and it is for the life of the world.  Let us also understand that our own identity is not determined by our circumstances in the world, but rather through the faith which gives all things their meaning and value.

Then they all said, "Are You then the Son of God?" So He said to them, "You rightly say that I am"

 Now the men who held Jesus mocked Him and beat Him.  And having blindfolded Him, they struck Him on the face and asked Him, saying, "Prophesy!  Who is the one who struck You?"  And many other things they blasphemously spoke against Him.

As soon as it was day, the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, came together and led Him into their council, saying, "If You are the Christ, tell us."  But He said to them, "If I tell you, you will by no means believe.  And if I also ask you, you will by no means answer Me or let Me go.  Hereafter the Son of Man will sit on the right hand of the power of God."  Then they all said, "Are You then the Son of God?"  So He said to them, "You rightly say that I am."  And they said, "What further testimony do we need?  For we have heard it ourselves from His own mouth."

- Luke 22:63-71

Yesterday we read that when they came to arrest Him, Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and the elders who had come to Him, "Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs?  When I was with you daily in the temple, you did not try to seize Me.  But this is your hour, and the power of darkness."  Having arrested Him, they led Him and brought Him into the high priest's house.  But Peter followed at a distance.  Now when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat among them.  And a certain servant girl, seeing him as he sat by the fire, looked intently at him and said, "This man was also with Him."  But he denied Him, saying, "Woman, I do not know Him."  And after a little while another saw him and said, "You also are of them."  But Peter said, "Man, I am not!"  Then after about an hour had passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, "Surely this fellow also was with Him, for he is a Galilean."  But Peter said, "Man, I do not know what you are saying!"  Immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed.  And the Lord turned and looked at Peter.  Then Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had said to him, "Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times."  So Peter went out and wept bitterly.

 Now the men who held Jesus mocked Him and beat Him.  And having blindfolded Him, they struck Him on the face and asked Him, saying, "Prophesy!  Who is the one who struck You?"  And many other things they blasphemously spoke against Him.   Christ is beaten, mocked, humiliated.   He is subject to the cruelties visited upon the powerless, and the blasphemy and ridicule of His jailers reflects the intent of those who have ordered His arrest. 

As soon as it was day, the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, came together and led Him into their council, saying, "If You are the Christ, tell us."  But He said to them, "If I tell you, you will by no means believe.  And if I also ask you, you will by no means answer Me or let Me go.  Hereafter the Son of Man will sit on the right hand of the power of God."  Then they all said, "Are You then the Son of God?"  So He said to them, "You rightly say that I am."  And they said, "What further testimony do we need?  For we have heard it ourselves from His own mouth."  My study bible comments that Jesus asked many questions of the Jewish leaders which they refused to answer, because doing so would have meant confessing Him as the Christ (20:4-7; Matthew 22:41-46; Mark 3:4).  With the statement, "Hereafter the Son of Man will sit at the right hand of the power of God," Jesus is effectively declaring Himself equal with God.

It is interesting to observe Jesus' response to the elders, chief priests and scribes at the council.  His method of reply seems strange.  But if one considers the power of His words and teachings, and especially His revelation of Himself and His identity, one may observe that Jesus is actually trying to protect them.  That is, the refusal to heed His words, and the absolute rebuke they would make in response to the truth He tells -- especially given the positions of these men as religious leaders -- would necessitate a kind of condemnation that He will not easily nor lightly give.  He says directly, "If I tell you, you will by no means believe.  And if I also ask you, you will be no means answer Me or let Me go."  Since He is already aware of the certainty as to how they will respond, that there is no hope for their belief, He will not directly implicate them in certain condemnation.  Christ's constant directive is salvation.   John's Gospel tells us clearly, "For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved" (John 3:17).  Up until the last moment of contact, Christ continues to try to save Judas.  He asks him, upon His arrest, "Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?" (see Saturday's reading).   Even His seemingly mysterious reply to these men of the Sanhedrin can be understood from this perspective.  When they ask Him directly if He is the Son of God,  Jesus replies, "You rightly say that I am."  This answer, by its phrasing, also refuses condemnation of those who would deny this truth to His face.  He will respond similarly even with Pilate (23:3).  What we need to remember in reading these passages is that Christ's overarching directive of all that He does, His ministry, His whole Incarnation, is salvation.  As John's Gospel says, He did not come into the world to condemn it, but to save the world.  That means everything and everyone in it.  By either refusing to speak to those who absolutely will not believe, or responding in this strange way, that "you rightly say that I am" (or, "It is as you say," to Pilate), Christ refuses condemnation, and allows more time for those who have a chance to come to repentance and faith.  Elsewhere, Jesus tells the apostles, "Do not give what is holy to the dogs; nor cast your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you in pieces" (Matthew 7:6).  Looking at the behavior of those who cruelly mock and beat Jesus, we may see a kind of literal illustration of this teaching.  Looking more deeply into Christ's conduct among the Sanhedrin, we can understand His prohibition against giving what is holy, and what are pearls of truth, to those who are incapable of receiving is not only futile and dangerous, but it is not at all within the mission of those who would follow Him.  His mission is a saving mission, and into it His disciples enter.  We are reminded that Christ passed through a Samaritan village on His way to Jerusalem, and they refused to receive Him, John and James Zebedee asked if they should call down fire from heaven to consume them, as did Elijah.  But Jesus told them, "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of.  For the Son of Man did not come to destroy men’s lives but to save them"  (Luke 9:51-56).  We live in a modern world in which they are many who do not share the faith in Christ that those of us who seek to be His followers would declare.  There are those who may even be violently opposed, for one reason or another.  We should remember His conduct and His words within the contexts in which we find ourselves today.   His mission is salvation.  His words are powerful and true.  His teachings have spiritual substance, a full truth with an impact behind them.  And rejection of His teachings will have its consequences, just as those who reject a sincere faith may not know what they are doing.  As His disciples, we, too, must keep His words, conduct, and teachings in mind.  We do not cast pearls before swine, not in order to judge or condemn, not even simply to protect ourselves, but in order to conduct ourselves properly for the One whose overwhelming concern above all else was to save.  We do not seek endlessly to convert those who do not want to hear upon repeated refusal.  We may, like Christ, withdraw into a silence with confirmed rejection of our faith.  Our very best tool, as disciples, is simply a life lived in conjunction with His teachings, through the walk of faith, through prayer, and all the means at our disposal for living life in the way He has taught us.  By our patience we endure.  St. Paul writes of himself and his fellow apostles, "Being reviled, we bless; being persecuted, we endure; being defamed, we encourage. We have been made as the filth of the world, the offscouring of all things until now" (1 Corinthians 4:12-13).  This is what it is to live the mission of the One who came to save and not to condemn.  May be all be blessed with the discernment to know where to go, and where not to go.  Let us remember that where the disciples were rejected, they were merely to shake the dust off their feet, and move on.  Sometimes people simply don't have "ears to hear."   In Acts, we're told that the Holy Spirit instructed Paul not to go to particular places at a particular time in his ministry (Acts 16:6-10).   We don't know why, but Christianity and St. Paul himself would go later to these regions.  In the reading for today, and in the other examples, we must keep in mind our dependence upon time for salvation.  The process of repentance and change takes time.  What is rejected one day may be accepted by the same person at a later date.  But there is a time when it is proper to withdraw direct contact and shake off the dust from our feet.  Judas still had an opportunity to return to the group in repentance.  The leaders who reject Christ could conceivably come to a repentance (indeed there are those members of the Council who did become Christ's notable followers).   Until further notice, we seek to live Christ's saving mission -- and until such time as we know differently, we follow as we are taught.

THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS

 Now as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name.  Him they compelled to bear His cross.  And when they had come o a place called Golgotha, that is to say, Place of a Skull, they gave Hm sour wine mingled with gall to drink.  But when He had tasted it, He would not drink.  Then they crucified Him, and divided His garments, casting lots, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet:

"They divided My garments among them,
And for My clothing they cast lots."

Sitting down, they kept watch over Him there.  And they put up over His head the accusation written against Him:

THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS

Then two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right and another on the left.  And those who  passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself!  If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross."  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking with the scribes and elders, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  If He is the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross, and we will believe Him.  He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now if He will have Him; for He said, 'I am the Son of God.'"  Even the robbers who were crucified with Him reviled Him with the same thing.

- Matthew 27:32-44

Yesterday, we read that when Pilate saw that He could not prevail at all, but rather that a tumult was rising, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, "I am innocent of the blood of this just Person.  You see to it."  And all the people answered and said, "His blood be on us and on our children."  Then he released Barabbas to them; and when he had scourged Jesus, he delivered Him to be crucified.  Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the Praetorium and gathered the whole garrison around Him.  And they stripped Him and put a scarlet robe on Him.  When they had twisted a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and a reed in His right hand.  And they bowed the knee before Him and mocked Him, saying, "Hail, King of the Jews!"  Then they spat on Him, and took the reed and struck Him on the head.  And when they had mocked Him, they put the robe off Him, put His own clothes on Him, and led Him away to be crucified.

 Now as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name.  Him they compelled to bear His cross.  And when they had come o a place called Golgotha, that is to say, Place of a Skull, they gave Hm sour wine mingled with gall to drink.  But when He had tasted it, He would not drink.  Then they crucified Him, and divided His garments, casting lots, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet:  "They divided My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots."  This quotation is from Psalm 22, verse 18.  The entirety of Psalm 22 is reflective of Jesus' Crucifixion.  Tomorrow's reading will give us yet another verse, this time from Jesus.

 Sitting down, they kept watch over Him there.  And they put up over His head the accusation written against Him:  THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.  Then two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right and another on the left.  And those who  passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, "You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself!  If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross."  Likewise the chief priests also, mocking with the scribes and elders, said, "He saved others; Himself He cannot save.  If He is the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross, and we will believe Him.  He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now if He will have Him; for He said, 'I am the Son of God.'"  Even the robbers who were crucified with Him reviled Him with the same thing.  Of today's entire passage, my study bible notes that "Jesus accepts mockery and endures the weakness of our body in His own to take upon Himself our sufferings.  This He accomplishes by uniting His divine nature to our human nature.  His humanity is indeed our humanity.  Although He has no sin, He was made to be sin for us, that through His flesh He might condemn sin itself (Romans 8:3; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 2:9)."  Of the two robbers, one would later repent (Luke 23:39-43), but at first they both mock Jesus.

Jesus' humiliation is complete.  He's surrounded by those who mock Him, those who "pass by" blaspheme Him, they ridicule Him according to their own twisting of His words.  This includes men among the leadership:  chief priests, scribes and elders.   Another text also mentions the Pharisees.  Origen comments (among others) that it is those who "pass by" who blaspheme Jesus, shaking their heads -- but none of these stand before Him or approach Him directly.  Origen finds in this act the primary symbolism of the Cross -- and how it is either approached or turned away from, or passed by.  St. John Chrysostom comments on the fullness of the humiliation of Jesus: "Consider his words. Consider his actions. Remember that he is Lord and you are his servant. Remember that he is suffering for you, and for you individually. You may be suffering only on your own behalf. He is suffering on behalf of all by whom he had been crucified. You may be suffering in the presence of a few. He suffers in the sight of the whole city and of the whole people of the covenant, both of strangers and those of the holy land, to all of whom he spoke merciful words.  Even his disciples forsook him. This was most distressing to him. Those who previously paid him mind suddenly deserted him. Meanwhile his enemies and foes, having captured him and put him on a cross, insulted him, reviled him, mocked him, derided him and scoffed at him. See the Jews and soldiers rejecting him from below. See how he was set between two thieves on either side, and even the thieves insulted him and upbraided him."  Chrysostom adds:  "By what he said and what he did he offended all our expectations to the utmost. He was forever correcting beforehand our assumptions about him. Even when all these ignominies were said and done, they could not prevail, even at that time. The thief who had lived depraved in such great wickedness, who had spent his whole life in murders and house breakings, when these things had been said, only then confessed him. When he made mention of his kingdom, the people bewailed him. These things that were done seemed to testify the contrary in the eyes of many who knew nothing of the mystery of God’s dispensations. Jesus was weak and of no ostensible power; nevertheless truth prevailed even by the contrary evidences."  (All quotations from Gospel of Matthew Commentary, Homily 87.2.)  Let us remember that the only "help" given to Jesus is from an outsider, a foreigner, Simon of Cyrene.   Yet Jesus keeps His silence.  There is power in His word, but He is the Word.  Everything He does is for the Gospel, even when He does not speak.  And the Cross conquers everything.  St. Chrysostom, in the same homily, also warns us about our own anger and outrage.  He who is on the Cross - the true Judge - completely humiliated, teaches us everything about forbearance.  Let us remember always to look to Him, silent, and the most powerful One of all.  It is He to whom we turn in our most aching times of trouble, our humiliation, weakness in the face of worldly injustice.  We endure, at His word.  Let us remember, it is Jesus who also gave us the story of the persistent widow and the Judge.  Endurance, persistence, doesn't mean we just "give up" to injustice when there are appropriate actions to take.    But silence and patience are also a part of those valuable options open to us in any situation, and God may call upon us also to develop these capabilities, even in the face of injustice.  We turn in prayer to Him, for discernment.  Jesus' actions are all in the service of justice, on a cosmic scale, and for each of us.

No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. And then he will plunder his house.

. . . and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him. And they went into a house.

Then the multitude came together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread. But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of Him, for they said, "He is out of His mind."

And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, "He has Beelzebub," and, "By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons." So He called them to Himself and said to them in parables: "How can Satan cast out Satan? If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand. And if Satan has risen up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but has an end. No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. And then he will plunder his house.

"Assuredly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they may utter, but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation" -- because they said, "He has an unclean spirit."

Then His brothers and His mother came, and standing outside they sent to Him, calling Him. And a multitude was sitting around Him; and they said to Him, "Look, Your mother and Your brothers are outside seeking You." But He answered them, saying, "Who is My mother, or My brothers?" And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and said, "Here are My mother and My brothers! For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother."

- Mark 3:19-35

In yesterday's reading, we learned of Jesus' great and spreading fame. People come to Him not just from Galilee but also Judea and Jerusalem and Idumea -- even beyond the Jordan and from Tyre and Sidon. All come to hear Him preach and for healing; He casts out demons as well, and forbids them to speak so that His messianic secret remains unknown. Finally, He appoints Twelve who will be His disciples, that they might be with Him and that He might send them out to preach, and to have power to heal sicknesses and to cast out demons.

. . . and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him. And they went into a house. Then the multitude came together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread. But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of Him, for they said, "He is out of His mind." We see the effects of Jesus fame; those who seek Him simply will not leave Him alone -- so that a private life, as depicted in this text, becomes impossible. "His own people" are His family, His relatives. They, along with most of the rest of the people, have yet to understand His mission and what He is doing.

And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, "He has Beelzebub," and, "By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons." Here are yet more responses to the power and publicity of Jesus' mission, His growing fame. While His family says He is out of His mind -- the scribes claim He is in league with demons, and the demonstrations of power against the demons come through the ruler of the demons. Beelzebub (also referred to as Baal) was the prince of "the dung heap" or "the flies" (according to my study bible). This was a god once worshiped by the Philistines in the Old Testament. Here the scribes refer to him as the "ruler of the demons."

"So He called them to Himself and said to them in parables: "How can Satan cast out Satan? If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand. And if Satan has risen up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but has an end." Jesus makes a reasonable argument here: why would the "ruler" of the demons diminish the demons' power? Why would this ruler diminish the power of his own kingdom, his own house, and destroy himself?

"No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. And then he will plunder his house." Here is the reasonable conclusion: Jesus has the power to bind "the strong man" -- the ruler of demons, the evil one, or Satan, also called the "prince of this world." He is here to bring a kingdom that breaks through into the midst of the bondage of evil. My study bible says, "Demons do not fight against themselves, but are cast out by God's power through the Holy Spirit, whose action signals the present reality of the kingdom." Jesus' acts are signs of the presence of God, whose power is the "stronger" and whose presence is incarnate in the world to free us all and to call us to deeper union.

"Assuredly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they may utter, but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation" -- because they said, "He has an unclean spirit." Here are Jesus' powerful words about the action of the Holy Spirit in the world. To label the action of the Spirit something evil is to blaspheme against the Holy Spirit. We remember that these people who are accusing Jesus of working through demonic power are experts in the Scriptures; they know and have learning of the Holy Spirit. They are the experts who should know better, and to seek spiritual truth. We also have a deepening entry here into the spiritual battle being waged behind all the scenes of the Gospels: we, too, participate in this battle because we have a responsibility for what we know and understand, and also the fruits we bear. Do we have a passion for spiritual truth, or will anything sway us depending on selfish interest? It's an important personal and spiritual question; Christ is here to "take back" what is His, to forge and deepen relationships between human beings and God. How we choose to respond to the action of the Spirit in ourselves and in our lives is significant for all kinds of reasons; for this He has come into the world.

Then His brothers and His mother came, and standing outside they sent to Him, calling Him. And a multitude was sitting around Him; and they said to Him, "Look, Your mother and Your brothers are outside seeking You." But He answered them, saying, "Who is My mother, or My brothers?" And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and said, "Here are My mother and My brothers! For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother." And here we have the response, a deepening understanding of what is happening as Christ shapes and builds His ministry. This is not a condemnation of His mother and brothers or sisters (His kinsfolk), but a deepening affirmation of the power of relationship in His ministry. He is here to claim a kingdom for Himself, a spiritual kingdom that "breaks through" into the world previously in bondage to the "strong man." Those who seek to form relationships with Him take hold of something certain and powerful, loving and merciful, full of power to heal on all levels. Through the power of Father, Son and Spirit, relationships are formed that go beyond all other ties of this world; they are deepened and strengthened through God's love. My study bible calls them, "spiritual relationships which are more valuable than natural ones." Of course, this may include "mother and brother and sister" (we know the choice Jesus' mother made to hear the word of God in her life). Our choices thus become even more deeply important.

So, what does it take to hear this word of God within us and do it? What does it mean to follow the Spirit, to seek to know God and find God's will? First of all, a life of prayer is indispensable to this purpose: personal prayer, no matter what the form, adds us to that connection with God, to the seeking of relationship. There are all kinds of forms of prayer, in liturgy and in private, all are, in my opinion, good. But most important, perhaps, is the notion that we make choices for ourselves. Beyond all kinds of other relationships, nominal and physical, we have the choice in our hearts. What are we going to believe? What are we going to seek? Christ lets us know that His relationship to each one of us is important, and valuable. You are counted as deeply as others; the "very hairs on your head are all numbered" by God. The choice for spiritual truth is essential, the liberation of this kingdom that breaks through imperative. What is your choice today? We are all faced with this choice every moment of our lives. Be His mother and brother and sister and live to those relationships that strengthen and deepen in the power of the Spirit, in God's love.

By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons

And they went into a house. Then the multitude came together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread. But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of Him, for they said, "He is out of His mind." And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, "He has Beelzebub," and "By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons." So He called them to Himself and said to them in parables: "How can Satan cast out Satan? If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand. And if Satan has risen up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but has an end. No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. And then he will plunder his house.

"Assuredly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they may utter; but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation" -- because they said, "He has an unclean spirit."

Then His brothers and His mother came, and standing outside they sent to Him, calling Him. And a multitude was sitting around Him; and they said to Him, "Look, Your mother and Your brothers are outside seeking You." But He answered them, saying, "Who is My mother, or My brothers? And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and said, "Here are My mother and My brothers! For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother."

- Mark 3:19b-35

In yesterday's reading, we read about Jesus' growing ministry and fame. He goes to the sea, and preaches and heals there. But there are so many people coming from every region beyond Galilee that He must order His apostles to keep a boat ready, so that He can escape if He is threatened to be crushed by the crowd. It's not enough for them that He heals and preaches, but everyone seeks to touch Him as well. Then Jesus withdrew further, up to the mountaintop, where He called those to Him that He desired. And they responded -- Jesus chooses the Twelve Apostles, including the one who will betray Him. See He appointed twelve, that they might be with Him.

And they went into a house. Then the multitude came together again, so that they could not so much as eat bread. But when His own people heard about this, they went out to lay hold of Him, for they said, "He is out of His mind." Again, we are given a picture of Jesus' growing fame and popularity. It threatens His existence at this point. He has gathered and chosen the Twelve Apostles, so that others may share in His life, and His mission of preaching, and His power to heal and cast out demons. But even coming into a house becomes a threat to Him, because the crowds who follow are too dense -- no one can even eat in the house! His family comes to Him (perhaps to rescue Him). They are deeply concerned and fear for His sanity in the midst of this chaos. I think it tells us something about the power He carried in the midst of the world. It's like a spark that sets off reactions that perhaps no one can predict, because we each respond in our own way. I was deeply struck by yesterday's reading and some of the chaos that surrounds Jesus - not only controversy and those who seek to persecute, but that He will be betrayed by one whom He has chosen for Himself. This tells us something deeply powerful about the nature of our own freedom that each of us has in response to God, even a call from the Lord.

And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, "He has Beelzebub," and "By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons." So He called them to Himself and said to them in parables: "How can Satan cast out Satan? If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand. And if Satan has risen up against himself, and is divided, he cannot stand, but has an end. No one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. And then he will plunder his house. Not only is His family concerned for and questioning His sanity, but His persecutors claim that He has a demon and works by the power of demons. Perhaps in all the chaos created by His fame, it's not so strange that those who seek to be rid of Him would seize upon this situation to claim demonic influence. But Jesus answers rightly: If He works by the demons, then how does He cast them out? Jesus says that "no one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. And then he will plunder his house." Jesus brings a kingdom into this world, and from the earliest preaching He has done in this Gospel, He has preached that "the kingdom of God is at hand." He means to supplant and replace the "strong man" who has had too much free reign among us in the world.

"Assuredly, I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they may utter; but he who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation" -- because they said, "He has an unclean spirit." What is important here is the labeling of the work of the Spirit as work of a demon -- attributing spiritual gifts that work for the power of God in the world, for the kingdom Jesus seeks to bring, to evil. I don't think we should be much surprised at this, and if you look around, you will find that anything that may shake up a power structure, no matter how ostensibly good in its goals, may be seen or labeled as evil. In this case, we must turn to faith to understand Jesus. He has still refrained from identifying Himself openly as Messiah. He wants a community of faith and trust, and such faith comes from an inner understanding, a spiritual perception. Those who would project evil onto Him, and demonic activity onto His work, are blinded by their own ambitions and haven't the spiritual understanding He seeks. Therefore their own perception of God's work is such that without some form of repentance they will not be aware of God's love at work within them, nor in their midst - nor in Jesus Himself. It is a question of perception of what is there. God's presence and power and love are here, and always offered. Sin, then, becomes a question of what we can see and hear, and what we are a part of within ourselves - or of that from which we remain excluded by our own blindness, for whatever cause.

Then His brothers and His mother came, and standing outside they sent to Him, calling Him. And a multitude was sitting around Him; and they said to Him, "Look, Your mother and Your brothers are outside seeking You." But He answered them, saying, "Who is My mother, or My brothers? And He looked around in a circle at those who sat about Him, and said, "Here are My mother and My brothers! For whoever does the will of God is My brother and My sister and mother." His family continues to seek Him -- perhaps they are still trying to talk to Him and are concerned for His state of mind amidst all the tumult. But as He does so often, Jesus goes one step further. He is ultimately pronouncing the state of things "good." He is not insulting His mother and His brothers, but rather calling His community His family. And that community is created through the acceptance of the will of God, the power of the Spirit at work in each of us, when we can perceive and respond positively to the drawing power of the love therein. This is a contrast with those who would call the work of the Spirit evil, or attribute it to something bad or demonic activity. Those who can perceive, who share love and community through this power of love, become His family.

So amid the tumult and chaos Jesus' fame creates, we start to understand a story. And it is linked to yesterday's reading, and how the kingdom grows amidst our responses to it. Do we accept it, or reject it? Do we call it good, or the work of the devil? How do we know what the Spirit will do in our lives, and how do we perceive it at work in and through others around us? This reading teaches us that each of us has our own response to the work of God in the world. And if nothing else, it also teaches us that we may at all times be deceived by our own desires and the things we wish to hold onto, the things we need to call good. Our own ambitions and desires to keep a system intact, a position we cherish, may interfere with our ability to perceive the now, the presence of the reality of God in our midst. This situation hasn't changed today, although we do not have Jesus the Son of Man walking incarnate among us. Rather, we are still in the midst of His work for the kingdom, the work of His apostles and disciples and those who have followed and those who accept the work of the Spirit alive and well in the world. Can you be present to it? Or does something prevent you from understanding it and perceiving it -- or worse, calling the Spirit's work evil when you may see it at work in the lives of others? This question is as important now as it ever was, and it teaches us about where we stand. Do we accept that love that is all around us, or does something we hold onto keep us outside of it?